Copy of deductive and inductive method ppt
- 2. DEDUCTIVE METHOD • We begin with the formula or rule and it is explained to the students with the help of certain examples. This method is opposite to inductive method. • Here we make use of 1. General to particular case 2. Abstract to concrete 3. Rule or formula to examples
- 3. STEPS IN DEDUCTIVE METHOD • In this method teacher announces the topic and also gives the relevant formula, which is also explained to the students with the help of few examples. • Then the problems are given to the students who solve the problem following the same way as explained by the teacher. Students memorize the formula for future problems.
- 4. Example 1 Radius of the sphere is 7 cm. Find its volume Solution : Volume of the sphere V = 4 3 𝜋𝑟3 = 4 3 × 22 7 × 7 × 7 ×7𝑐𝑚3 = 4312 3 = 1437.3 𝑐𝑚3 VOLUME OF THE SPHERE V = 𝟒 𝟑 𝜋𝒓 𝟑
- 5. • It saves time and labour for both the teacher and the student. • It enhances speed, skill and efficiency in solving problems. • It is very useful for revision and drill work • It helps in increasing the memory power of the students, as the students are required to memorise a large numbers of laws and formulae. • It helps all types of students. MERITS OF DEDUCTIVE METHOD
- 6. • It encourages rote memory without understanding. • It does not clarify the doubts of the student regarding the generalization. • In this method memory becomes more important than understanding and intelligence. It is not helpful for reasoning and discovery. • Once the formula or rule is forgotten, it is not possible to recover them. • It does not encourage student’s involvement in learning. DEMERITS
- 7. •Deductive method is suitable for giving practice to the student in applying the formulae •This method is best suited for teaching mathematics to higher classes. DEDUCTIVE METHOD IS USED EFFECTIVELY FOR THE FOLLOWING
- 8. • Inductive method is based on induction. Induction is the process of proving a universal truth by showing that if it is true of any particular case, it is true for the next case in the same serial order and hence true for any such cases. INDUCTIVE METHOD
- 9. For example, in geometry or algebra, a formula is developed giving number of examples are given and made clear. • Here we make use of 1. Known to unknown 2. Concrete to abstract 3. Simple example to complex formula
- 10. Inductive method can be used effectively for the following chapters. • Laws of indices • Properties of parallelogram, rhombus etc • Factorisation of quadratic expressions • Properties of parallel lines • Angles in a triangle • Angle in a semicircle
- 11. • Preparation : Motivating students to get new knowledge and preparing environment. • Explaining : Here teaching occupies important place with relevant examples. • Comparison and finding common relation : Here the student understand the nature of the problem and compare the given information and analyse for the solution of the problem. Here knowledge is correlated with existing knowledge. • Generalisation : Here the students arrive to get new formula or rule from various examples. • Verification or Application : Here the new formula or rule is applied to new situation and finding solution to problem. STEPS IN INDUCTIVE METHOD
- 12. • It helps understanding. • It encourages active participation of the students in learning. • It is logical method and develops critical thinking. • It curbs the tendency of ratio leaning as it clears the doubts of students. • It enhances self confidence. MERITS OF INDUCTIVE METHOD
- 13. • This method can not be used in solving all topics in mathematics. • This method is not suitable for higher classes. • It is a lengthly, time consuming and laborious method. • It is not suitable for mathematically gifted students as unnecessary details and too many examples make the teaching dull and boring. • It is not absolutely conclusive as it might leave some doubts in the minds of the students regarding the validity of generalization arrived through few examples. DEMERITS