Networking Concepts Lesson 04 - Hardware - Eric Vanderburg
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This document discusses computer hardware components related to networking. It covers network interface cards and their connection to the computer bus. Several types of computer buses are described along with their specifications. External connection technologies like USB and Firewire are also mentioned. Other internal computer hardware like the CPU, memory, hard drives, and graphics cards are outlined. Concepts like bus speeds, bottlenecks, and configuration of network interfaces are summarized.
Networking Concepts Lesson 04 - Hardware - Eric Vanderburg
- 1. Chapter 4 Network Interface Cards & Computer Hardware Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 2. Transmission Types Serial – linear Parallel – many pieces at same time Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 3. Bus ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) MCA (Micro Channel Architecture) - Proprietary VLB (VESA Local Bus) – Long ISA with extra connectors, hard to adapt to new technology (Pentium), 1 or 2 cards supported PCI (Peripheral Component Interface) PCI-X (PCI Express) PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) Attached to Northbridge directly Dedicated bandwidth, no sharing Connected to memory, possible to share memory Frame Buffer memory on card VRAM (Video RAM) – Dual Ported, read & write Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 4. Bus Bus Type Bus Width (bits) Clock Speed Transfer Rate (Mbps) (MHz) ISA 8-16 8 8-16 EISA 16-32 8 16-32 MCA 16-32 5-66 10-266 VLB 32 33 133 PCI 32-64 33-66 533 AGP 32-64 66 533-2048 PCI-X 32-64 66-533 2560-10480 PCMCIA 16-32 33 6-12 Networking Concepts – Eric Transfer Rate = Bus Width * Clock Speed /8 Vanderburg ©2005
- 5. More about bus CPU Bus FSB (Front Side Bus) - Northbridge 100, 133, 166, 200, 800, 1000MHz Clock Multiplier FSB must be faster than I/O Bus or FSB is bottleneck. Early AGP Some PCI-X implimentations Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 6. External Technologies Serial Parallel USB 1.0 – 12Mbps 2.0 – 480Mbps Firewire (IEEE 1394) 400Mbps 1394b – 3200Mbps Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 7. Other Hardware CPU Hard Motherboard RAM Graphics Card Sound Card Modem Drive Optical Drive Backup Drive TV Tuner DVD Decoder Controller Card Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 8. Hard Drives Types IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) SATA (Serial Advanced Technology Attachment) ATA Types ATA: Known also as IDE, supports one or two hard drives, a 16-bit interface and PIO modes 0, 1 and 2. ATA-2: Supports faster PIO modes (3 and 4) and multiword DMA modes (1 and 2). Also supports logical block addressing (LBA) and block transfers. ATA-2 is marketed as Fast ATA and Enhanced IDE (EIDE). ATA-3: Minor revision to ATA-2. Ultra-ATA: Also called Ultra-DMA, ATA-33, and DMA-33, supports multiword DMA mode 3 running at 33 MBps. ATA/66: A version of ATA proposed by Quantum Corporation, and supported by Intel, that doubles ATA's throughput to 66 MBps. ATA/100: An updated version of ATA/66 that increases data transfer rates to 100 MBps Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 9. Booting See in class handout Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 10. Configuration IRQ (Interrupt Request Line) I/O Port Memory Address DMA channel Driver NDIS (Network Device Interface Specification), allows use of multiple protocols WDM (Win32 Driver Model), Windows ODI (Open Datalink Interface) – Apple, Novell Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 11. More Features Shared Adapter Memory Shared System Memory (Shared Memory) UMA (Unified Memory Architecture) Bus Mastering - Take control of bus to transfer data from RAM RAM Buffering - RAM for buffering of incoming data On board processor Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 12. Optional NIC Features IPSec chip & circuitry QOS WOL (Wake On LAN) Promiscuous Mode Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 13. Graphics Card – Video Card Memory Computations Frame for the GPU Buffer Monochrome text – 2k/frame 1600x1200 32bit color – 6Mb/frame GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) RAMDAC (Random Access Memory DigitalAnalog Converter) Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 14. Graphics Port Types DB-15 MDA (Monochrome Display Adapter) 720x350 CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) 640x200 EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapter) 640x480 SVGA (Super VGA) 800x600 XGA (Extended Graphics Array) 1024x768 VGA (Video Graphics Array) – General Term now for DB-15 DVI (Digital Video Interface) DVI-D (Digital) – LCD or Plasma DVI-A (Analog) – CRT or HDTV DVI-I (Integrated Digital/Analog) Data sent by TMDS (Transition Minimized Differential Signaling) Single-link – One TDMS, max res 1920 x 1280 Dual-link – Two TDMS Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 15. Bottleneck Any system or network is only as fast as it’s weakest component There will always be a bottleneck but upgrades should be focused on the bottleneck in order to improve performance. Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 16. Tweaking Pagefile Overclocking Defragmentation Updates Drivers BIOS Processor Scheduling Anti-Spyware Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005
- 17. Book corrections ISA clock speed is 8MHz not 10MHz (pg. 128) Networking Concepts – Eric Vanderburg ©2005