101 4.7 find system files and place files in the correct location
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This document provides information about key directories and files defined by the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) and utilities for locating files on a Linux system. The FHS defines standard locations for different types of files including /bin for essential commands, /etc for host configuration, /lib for libraries, /usr for secondary files, and /var for variable files. Commands like find, locate, whereis, and which can be used to search for files and determine their locations. Find searches file paths and contents, locate uses a database for quick searches, whereis shows possible locations, and which shows the path of executables.
101 4.7 find system files and place files in the correct location
- 1. Junior Level Linux Certification
- 2. Exam Objectives Key Knowledge Areas Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS. Find files and commands on a Linux system. Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS. Objective 4: Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Find system files and place files in the correct location Weight: 2 Terms and Utilities find locate updatedb whereis which type /etc/updatedb.conf 2
- 3. File system Hierarchy Standard 3 Directories required in / by the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Set of requirements and guidelines for file and directory placement under UNIX-like operating systems. Directory Description bin Essential command binaries boot Static files of the boot loader dev Device files etc Host-specific system configuration lib Essential shared libraries and kernel modules media Mount point for removable media mnt Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarily opt Add-on application software packages sbin Essential system binaries srv Data for services provided by this system tmp Temporary files usr Secondary hierarchy var Variable data http://www.pathname.com/fhs/ Create partitions and filesystems
- 4. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 4 Ex: Create partitions and filesystems
- 5. Locating Files # find /home/angie –name stuff /home/angie/stuff # find /home/angie –user root /home/angie/morestuff find utility is used to search for files. 5 Find system files and place files in the correct location Syntax: find /path expression Ex: Options: -atime Searches based on the number of days since last accessed. -ctime Searches based on the number of days since directory entry last changed. -group Searches for files belonging to the specified group. -newer Searches for files more recent than the specified file. -name Searches for files with names matching the specified string. -user Searches for files belonging to the specified user.
- 6. Locating Files locate provides a secure way to index and quickly search for files on your system. Uses slocate database, by default, to find file locations. Db is updated with cmd updatedb 6 Find system files and place files in the correct location Syntax: locate –options arguments Options: -u Start at / when creating the slocate database. -U /PATH Start at the specified path when creating the slocate database. -e DIR Exclude the specified directories when creating the slocate database. -c Parses the /etc/updatedb.conf file when creating the database. -i Searches without regard to case. -o FILE Specifies the output file to create. -d PATH Specifies the path of databases to search. The database is located in: /etc/updatedb.conf
- 7. Locating Files # which locate /usr/bin/locate which takes one or more arguments. For each argument it prints to stdout 7 Find system files and place files in the correct location Syntax: which –options program-name Ex:
- 8. Locating Files whereis locates source/binary and manuals sections for specified files. 8 Find system files and place files in the correct location Options: -b Searches for binaries. -m Searches for manual entries. -s Searches for sources. -u Searches for unusual entries that don’t have one entry for each type. -B Changes where whereis searches for binaries. -M Changes where whereis searches for manual sections. -S Changes where whereis searches for source code. # whereis ls ls: /bin/ls /usr/man/man1/ls.1.gz Ex:
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