AI and ChatGPT in Online Education
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This document discusses ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs). It begins with an agenda that outlines discussing what LLMs are and how they are trained, ways educators can use ChatGPT, and limitations of ChatGPT. It then explains that ChatGPT is not the first chatbot but one of the first widely used. It discusses how LLMs are trained using next-token prediction and masked language modeling. The document considers both optimistic and pessimistic views about the importance of advanced AI. It provides examples of how ChatGPT could be used to help with teaching but also limitations, such as not being good at math, plagiarism detection, or very recent events. It acknowledges other emerging AI systems
![How Are LLM’s Trained?
1. Next-token-prediction
2. Masked-language-modeling
• These are the core techniques used for training language models, such as
transformers.
• In the first approach, the model is given a sequence of words or parts
of words (“tokens”) as input and is asked to predict the next word.
• The masked language modeling approach is a variant of next token
prediction, in which some of the words in the input sentence are
replaced with a special token, such as [MASK].
• The model is then asked to predict the correct word that should be inserted in
place of the mask. For example, give this prompt: "The [MASK] sat on the
couch."](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/aiandchatgptinonlineeducation-slideshare-230420134247-0ad449a4/85/AI-and-ChatGPT-in-Online-Education-17-320.jpg)
AI and ChatGPT in Online Education
- 1. ChatGPT and Other LLMs Don't Freak Out About It. Don't Ignore it Either. Barry Dahl Teaching & Learning Advocate, D2L Bunchoflinks bit.ly/BarryAI
- 2. Thought Exercise • This is Google’s self-driving car • You want to go on a cross- country vacation to see the USA. • You are told that there is a 10% chance that you will die in a car accident caused by the self- driving car. • Do you go?
- 3. • This is a refugee boat that left Syria amid political turmoil. • Imagine that the refugees were told that there was a 10% chance of dying from the boat sinking. • If you were in their shoes, would you still get on the boat?
- 4. 738 ML researchers from June-August 2022 What probability do you put on the human inability to control future advanced AI systems causing human extinction or similarly permanent and severe disempowerment of the human species? AI Impacts Survey
- 5. 50% of AI researchers believe there’s a 10% or greater chance that humans go extinct from our inability to control AI Yeah, no
- 6. ChatGPT and Other LLMs Don't Freak Out About It. Well, Maybe a Little. Barry Dahl Teaching & Learning Advocate, D2L Bunchoflinks bit.ly/BarryAI
- 7. Agenda 1 2 3 4 Here we go again? What are they, how are they trained, what’s their purpose? Ways you can use ChatGPT and similar tools as an educator. Things it cannot do (yet), and when not to trust it. Education Crisis? Chatbots Explained How Can it Help? How Can it Hurt?
- 8. Pre-Technology Disruption, 14th Century • Liber ethicorum des Henricus de Alemannia • Painting from 1300’s by Laurentius de Voltolina • Apparently, it was quite difficult to disrupt this classroom design
- 9. Surviving One Crisis after Another - 1957 • This is the Casio Computer Company’s Model 14-A • It’s a calculator. Released in 1957, it was capable of performing the four basic arithmetic operations with answers displaying up to 14 digits • Yet somehow, we survived.
- 10. Pity the Poor Typewriter - 1978 •WordStar word processing program released • Then WordPerfect • Then MS Word
- 11. The Year of the MOOC - 2012 • Predicting that MOOCs, because they are cheaper than building classrooms, will become a major part of the higher education landscape worldwide. • Gary Becker, U Chicago (2013) • MOOCs center upon lectures and technological presentations that leave students, for long periods, passive. They make the teacher and the technology the center, and not the student. • Aaron Barlow, New York City College
- 12. How Disruptive Was It? At Stanford, “I normally teach 400 students.” In the MOOC, he “taught” 100,000 students.
- 13. Let’s Deal with One More Crisis
- 14. Don't Freak Out About ChatGPT. Don't Ignore it Either. • With the advancement of natural language processing technology, ChatGPT has emerged as a promising tool for online education. However, as with any technology, there are potential benefits and risks associated with its use. We will explore the various applications of ChatGPT in online courses, and also examine the potential misuses of AI tools and discuss strategies for mitigating these risks. Through a combination of presentation, group discussion, and live demos, participants will gain a better understanding of the benefits and challenges of incorporating ChatGPT into online courses and how to navigate the ethical considerations involved. • (NOTE: this description was written by ChatGPT and may or may not match the actual presentation content.)
- 15. Not the First Chatbot – Just the First Widely Used
- 16. What Exactly Is It? • LLM • Large Language Model • Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficiently large training databases can capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. • AGI • Artificial General Intelligence • aka Strong AI or Full AI • An intelligent agent which can understand or learn any intellectual task that humans can. • “Weak AI” is designed to solve a specific problem, whereas Strong AI seeks to surpass human capabilities at a multitude of tasks.
- 17. How Are LLM’s Trained? 1. Next-token-prediction 2. Masked-language-modeling • These are the core techniques used for training language models, such as transformers. • In the first approach, the model is given a sequence of words or parts of words (“tokens”) as input and is asked to predict the next word. • The masked language modeling approach is a variant of next token prediction, in which some of the words in the input sentence are replaced with a special token, such as [MASK]. • The model is then asked to predict the correct word that should be inserted in place of the mask. For example, give this prompt: "The [MASK] sat on the couch."
- 18. How Big a Deal is This? • "AI is probably the most important thing humanity has ever worked on. I think of it as something more profound than electricity or fire.“ (2018) Google CEO Sundar Pichai • “Artificial intelligence will reach human levels by around 2029. Follow that out further to, say, 2045, we will have multiplied the intelligence, the human biological machine intelligence of our civilization a billion-fold.” —Ray Kurzweil • “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race….It would take off on its own, and re-design itself at an ever increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn't compete, and would be superseded.”— Stephen Hawking • “Forget artificial intelligence - in the brave new world of big data, it's artificial idiocy we should be looking out for.” —Tom Chatfield • “I visualize a time when we will be to robots what dogs are to humans, and I’m rooting for the machines.” —Claude Shannon
- 19. What ChatGPT Can Do For You… • Write lessons plans • Prompt: Write a lesson plan for classroom discussion about the Enron scandal where students will then complete an assignment of writing a 4-page paper. This is for an auditing class for senior accounting students in a bachelor’s degree program. • Write exam questions • Help you teach students to fact check • Write a reference for a former student • Prompt: Write a job reference letter for a former student who is conscientious, a hard worker, and has high moral fortitude. She, Jane Doe, is applying for a job with a large CPA firm. Mention several other good qualities but don't mention her grades or academic performance.
- 20. Things it Could Do If You Wanted it To •Grade student papers •Provide written feedback to student discussions or questions •Add on …. (audience participation )
- 21. Some Things that ChatGPT is NOT • Not a search engine • Not a calculator • Not a citation generator • Not a predictor of future results • Not a political wonk • Not a real-time data nerd • Not a promoter of hate speech • Not a good joke or song writer
- 22. Where it’s Not so Great…#1 – Some History* • ChatGPT Prompt: • Create a history of the founding and development of Desire2Learn, or D2L, an LMS company based in Canada. Include at least 3 citations. • It wrote 155 words, plus 3 citations • One citation: desire2learn.com/about/news- events/news/2011/desire2learn-receives- • “In 2011, D2L received a significant investment from The Xander Group, a private equity firm, to support its growth.” • NEA & OMERS invested $80M in 2012. • Another $85M in 2014. • None of this funding involved the Xander Group • *NOTE: history of the “not-so- famous” part of the world
- 23. Not so Great…#2 • Prompt: Write the lyrics for a country song about beer drinking, line dancing, and a pickup turck • (misspelling on purpose) • Result: • Verse 1, Chorus • Verse 2, Chorus • Bridge, Chorus • Outro Verse 1: • I pull up in my pickup truck • With a cooler full of cold beer, what's up? • Heading down to the honky-tonk • Gonna dance the night away, that's a given fact Chorus: • Drinking beer, line dancing, truck bed shaking • That's how we roll in the heartland, man • We got two-step and a whiskey pour
- 24. More badness…#3 When it doesn’t know something, it will often just make stuff up.
- 25. #3 Badness Continued – Pushing it Further
- 26. #4: D- Student at Math 543+(3*33)-99 •ChatGPT says very confidently: The expression 543+(3*33)-99 is equal to 459. (Yeah, no!)
- 27. #5…Plagiarism Detection • Check this paragraph for plagiarism: • "Most human beings have an almost infinite capacity for taking things for granted. Consistency is contrary to nature, contrary to life. The only completely consistent people are the dead. Happiness is not achieved by the conscious pursuit of happiness; it is generally the by-product of other activities. There are things known and there are things unknown, and in between are the doors of perception."
- 28. #6…Very Recent Events • ChatGPT stopped learning in 2021. • Prompt: Write three paragraphs about the 2022 MLB Playoff run by the San Diego Padres. • Abbreviated answer: • Manager Jayce Tingler • First playoffs in 14 years • Beat Dodgers in 3 game sweep • Beat Braves in 6 games • Beat Yankees in World Series • Led by Fernando Tatis Jr. and Manny Machado, and dominant pitchers Dinelson Lamet and Chris Paddack • All of that is FALSE (except Machado)!
- 29. Other AI Making a Splash • Bing Search Engine w/ChatGPT • Google Bard • Images: • Midjourney • DALL-E 2 • Vana Portrait • NightCafe Studio • Video • Fliki • Eightify – YouTube Summary AI Tool • Other Chatbots: • Perplexity • Chatsonic • GPT Playground • And thousands more •Futurepedia.io
- 30. Things Are Changing Quickly