APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION under subject of DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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The document discusses the application of science and technology, focusing on methods such as remote sensing, GPS, and GIS for effective disaster management and mitigation. It highlights the importance of early warning systems, land use planning, and safe construction practices to reduce risks associated with disasters like earthquakes, floods, and landslides. Additionally, it addresses the roles of various institutions in India that support disaster management efforts.
APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION under subject of DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- 1. S.S. AGRAWAL INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT TOPIC:- APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION SUBJECT :- DISASTER MANAGEMENT (2150003) PREPARED BY: Vasoya Kaushik (151230106048) Vimal Prajapti (151230106049) Anadani Piyush (161233106001) Ganvit Dipesh (161233106002) Garesiya Sanket (161233106003) GUIDED BY Mr. Pinank R. Patel Assistant professor Civil Engineering Department
- 2. APPLICATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT & MITIGATION
- 3. CONTENT Geo- informatics in disaster management Disaster communication system Land use planning and Development regulations Disaster safe designs and constructions Structural and non structural mitigation of disaster Science & technology institutions for disaster management in India
- 4. • Remote Sensing (RS) • Geographical Information System (GIS) • Global Positioning System (GPS)
- 5. • Remote sensing is an investigative technique that uses a recording instrument or device to measure or acquire information on a distant object or phenomenon with which it is not in physical or close contact. • The technique is used foe accumulating important information of the environment. • Remote sensing can collect data much faster than ground based observation, covering a large spatial area at one time to give a comprehensive view. • It has the capability of capturing images of distant targets and in all weather conditions. https://images.nature.com/full/nature- assets/nclimate/journal/v3/n10/images/nclimate1908-f1.jpg
- 6. • Using remote sensing data such as satellite imageries and aerial photos, to map the variations in terrain properties such as vegetation, water and geology both in space and time. • Helping to locate the area of a natural disaster and monitor its growing proportions providing information on the disaster rapidly and reliably and thereby ensuring that extent of damage is evaluated precisely. • Monitoring the disaster event which provides in turn a quantitative base for relief operations.
- 7. • Geographical information system can be defined as a system of hardware and software for measuring, storing , retrieving, mapping, monitoring, modeling, and analyzing a variety of data types related to geographic and natural phenomena. http://gosoftesolutions.com/wp- content/uploads/2015/05/gisdata.jpg
- 8. • Drought • Earthquake • Floods • Landslide
- 9. • A critical component of any successful rescue operation is time. • Prior knowledge of the precise location of landmarks, streets, buildings, emergency service resources, and disaster relief sites saves time and lives. • The global positioning system serves as a facilitating technology in addressing these needs by helping the users at any point on or near the earth’s surface to obtain instantaneous three dimensional coordinates of the their location. http://kpfu.ru/portal/docs/F1742303703/RwZtP9pJ6gY.jpg
- 10. • Pinpointing the location of damage sites and floodplains. • Playing a significant role in helping scientists to predict earthquake in earthquake prone areas. • Using the precise position information provided by GPS scientists can study how pressure slowly builds up over time in an attempt to characterize and in the future perhaps predict earthquakes. • Meteorologists responsible for storm tracking and flood predication also rely on GPS. • GPS give quick information in the efficient operation of their emergency response teams.
- 11. • Early warning is the provision of timely and effective information through identified institutions that allows individuals exposed to hazard to take action to avoid or reduce their risk and prepare for effective response. • Early warning information suggest people to take action when disasters close to happening.
- 12. • Risk knowledge • Monitoring and predicating • Disseminating information • Response https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dm-170212112235/95/application- of-science-and-technology-for-disaster-management-mitigation-14- 638.jpg?cb=1486898583
- 13. • Land Use Planning is described as the process undertaken by public authorities to identify, evaluate and describe different options for the use of land, including consideration of long term economic, and enviornment objectives.
- 14. Selecting the safe site for the building structures. Relocating a community outside the hazardous and disaster prone areas. Formulation of land use policies for the long term sustainable development. Appropriate land use in the disaster prone areas , by adjusting the land stability with agricultural development strategies. Long term land use planning by incorporating all geological related data available and identifying for allocation of hazard free areas for industrial and urban development. High investment industries, other important infrastructure should not be located in the areas that are susceptible to damages.
- 15. Adoption of the culture of safety in construction to follow bye laws and codes and usage of good quality material. The government shall support these initiatives by providing technical guidance to rebuild houses that can sustain against shaking of the earthquake. Manuals need to be developed outlining methodologies for new constructions Identification of the vulnerable buildings in the state Building structures on the firmer ground or stiff soil because stiff soil loss their strength with strong vibrations. Priority of buildings according to their importance.
- 16. • The building should have a simple rectangular plan. • Long walls should be supported by reinforced concrete columns. • Door and window openings in walls should preferably be small and more centrally located. • The location of the openings should not be too close to the edge of the wall. https://image.slidesharecdn.com/s-160225072749/95/column- and-its-types-28-638.jpg?cb=1456385328
- 17. Landslide Safe Design and Construction • The potential for the landslides and development erosion can be greatly reduced or prevented with proper development, proper construction techniques, and regular maintenance of drainage facilities. • Keep the surface drainage water away from vulnerable areas, such as steep slopes, loose soils and non-vegetated surfaces. • Improve soil`s ability to resist erosion by stabilizing slopes by increasing vegetation and tress. http://www.weatherwizkids.com/wp- content/uploads/2015/04/landslide5.jpg
- 18. Floods Safe Design and Construction • Avoid residing on river banks and slopes on river side`s. • Build at least 250meters away from the seacoast/river banks. • Build proper drainage system in all flood prone areas, so that the water can be drained off quickly to prevent accumulation. • Construct the building with a plinth level higher than the known high flood level. • Construct the whole village or settlement on a raised platform higher than the high flood level. http://www.abc.net.au/news/image/7483132- 3x2-940x627.jpg
- 19. Structural mitigation is defined as a risk reduction effort performed through the construction or altering of the physical environment through the application of engineered solutions.
- 20. • Building codes • Relocation • Structural modification • Earthquakes • Floods • Cyclone • Construction of community shelters • Construction of barrier and retention systems
- 21. • Non-structural mitigation is defined as a measure that reduces risk through modification in human behavior or natural processes without requiring the use of engineered structures.
- 22. • Legal framework • Land use planning • Incentives and financial framework • Training and education • Public awareness
- 23. • India meteorological department (IMD) • Central water commission (CWC) • Indian national center for oceanic information system (INCOIS) • Geological survey if India (GSI) • Defense research & development organization (DRDO) • Indian space research organization (ISRO) • Department od atomic energy (DAE)
- 24. References • Textbook of Disaster Management of Atul Prakashan • Wikipedia