Biological foundations of language
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The document discusses psycholinguistics and the biological foundations of language. It addresses brain mechanisms and language processing, including the major types of aphasia like Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia. It also examines the lateralization of language processes in the brain and research on split-brain patients that showed language is typically lateralized to the left hemisphere in most right-handed individuals.
Biological foundations of language
- 1. Psycholinguistics Isabel Matos & Sara Pacheco
- 2. Biological Foundations of Language Brain Mechanisms and Language Lateralization of Language Processes
- 3. Brain Mechanisms and Language Major Types of Aphasia
- 5. Broca’s aphasia = expressive aphasia Paul Broca •Agrammatic speech/writing •One word at a time •Able to comprehend
- 6. Brain Mechanisms and Language Implications for Normal Language Processing Stimuli Visual Input Visual region Wernicke’s Arcuate Broca’s area of the brain area fasciculus Somasentory Wernicke’s Arcuate Tactile input region Broca’s area area fasciculus of the brain Auditory Input Auditory region Wernicke’s Arcuate Broca’s area of the brain area fasciculus
- 8. Broca’s aphasia = lack of production Wernicke’s aphasia = lack of comprehension Conduction aphasia = no relation between both processes Caramazza and Zurif (1976) Broca’s area may (1) The book that the girl is reading is yellow. be necessary (2) The horse that the bear is kicking is brown. for syntax Broca’s Linebarger, Schwartz and Safran (1983) aphasics may be able to construct (3) How many did you see birds in the park? syntactic representations (4) The little boy fell down, didn’t it? but fail to use them
- 9. Lateralization of Language Processes Split-Brain Research - Severed corpus callosum - No communication between hemispheres Preventing epilepsy What is perceived with the left visual fields goes to the right hemisphere and viceversa.
- 10. Lateralization of Language Processes Lateralization in Normal Brains The visual field task The dichotic listening task Different stimuli for Broadbent (1954) each ear Showed Left Input Right ear Input hemisphere Right hemisphere
- 11. The dichotic listening task Different stimuli for each ear Normal Brains Contralateral are stronger than Ipsalateral pathways pathways The dichotic listening task Split Brains Speech Left ear Right ear Stimuli
- 12. failed The contralateral pathway is not Left ear helpful – no corpus callosum because The ipsalateral pathway is blocked by the contralateral pathway. Wood (1975) Non-linguistic task linguistic task Greater right Greater left hemisphere activity hemisphere activity
- 13. Lateralization of Language Processes Left Hemisphere Right Hemisphere •Better appretiation of pragmatic aspects oSarcasm oWhite lies oHumor •Alternative meanings last longer
- 14. Thank you