Chapter 10.2 : Pressure
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Pressure is defined as the force per unit area exerted on a surface. It is measured using various units including atmospheres, millimeters of mercury, torr, pascals, and kilopascals. Scientists use standard temperature and pressure conditions of 1 atmosphere and 0°C for characterizing gases. Pressure can be converted between units using known conversion factors, such as 1 atmosphere equals 760 millimeters of mercury or 101.325 kilopascals.
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Chapter 10.2 : Pressure
- 2. ObjectiveDefine pressure and relate it to force.Describe how pressure is measured.Convert units of pressure.State the standard conditions of temperature and pressure.
- 3. PressureTo describe a gas fully, there are four measurable quantitiesVolumeTemperatureNumber of moleculesPressure
- 4. Pressure and ForcePressure – defined as the force per unit area on a surfacePressure = forceareaUse pressure to explain why it is harder to cut this pineapple with the butter knife.How do snow shoes work?How does pressure help us skate?
- 5. forceNPressure = Units:areacm2H0w is a magician able to survive laying on a bed of nails?
- 6. Atmospheric Pressure :Blanket of air surrounding earth, exerting pressure
- 7. Barometer: Device used to measure atmospheric pressure.At OoC, atmosphere can support 760 mm column of mercury.Units of Pressure: 1 atmosphere or 1 atmmillimeters mercury ormm Hgtorr (in honor of EvangelistaTorricelli)Pascal, Pa - pressure exerted by a force of one Newton acting on an area of one square meter.Conversions1 atm = 760 mm Hg1 torr = 1 mm Hg1 atm = 760 torr1 atm = 1.013 25 x 105 Pa1 atm = 101.3 25 kPa
- 8. Standard Temperature and PressureScientists have agreed on standard conditions of :1 atm pressure and O0CAlso known as STPSample Problem 1The average atmospheric pressure in Denver, Colorado, is 0.830 atm. Express this pressure (a) in mm Hg and (b) in kPa.760 mm Hg0.830 atmx(a)=631 mm Hg1 atm101.325 kPa0.830 atmx(b)=84.1 kPa1 atm