Class 9 - Talking structure
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This document provides an overview of the levels of language structure, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, lexicon, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse. For each level, it describes what the level is about, its basic unit of analysis, what organizes its internal structure, and some of its sub-levels or categories. The document serves as a reference for understanding the hierarchical organization of language.
Class 9 - Talking structure
- 1. Talking Structure LCD 105 - Class 9 - Professor Nathacia
- 3. Phonetics What is this about: - The sounds of language/ speech. What is its unit: - It doesn’t have a proper unit but it is composed by sound waves. What organizes its internal structure: - Speech restrictions as breath, co-articulation, phonation conditions, articulation conditions, propagation condition etc. What are some of its sub-levels/ categories: - Acoustic Phonetics; Articulatory Phonetics; Perceptual Phonetics;
- 5. Phonology What is this about: - The distinctive sound units of a language. What is its unit: - It depends on its sub-level: phonological features; phonemes; syllables; foot; intonational phrases; and others. What organizes its internal structure: - Phonological Rules; Phonological Restrictions. What are some of its sub-levels/ categories: - Segmental phonology; auto-segmental phonology; Intonational Phonology; Prosody;
- 7. Morphology What is this about: - The smallest meaning units of a language (meaning you can take for ‘functional’ too). What is its unit: - The morphemes What organizes its internal structure: - Morphological Rules; Morphological Restrictions. - Morpheme-based, lexeme-based and word-based approaches. What are some of its sub-levels/ categories: - Stems; root words; prefixes; sufixes; infixes, clitics.
- 12. Lexicology What is this about: - The vocabulary; words inventory, and how they relate within a language. What is its unit: - The words What organizes its internal structure: - Word paradigms; scope; webs. What are some of its sub-levels/ categories: - Lexical semantics; phraseology; etymology; lexicography
- 15. SyntaxWhat is this about: - Well, we’ll get back to it… but: - It is about sentence structure What is its unit: - phrases or syntactic constituents What organizes its internal structure: - Syntactic derivation (sequence of syntactic operation that creates a hierarchical structure) - The operations are: merge, labeling, and movement. What are some of its sub-levels/ categories: - Verbal Phrase (VP or vP); Noun Phrase (NP); Determiner Phrase (DP); Prepositional Phrase (PP); Adverbial Phrase (AdvP); Adjective Phrase (AdjP); Tense Phrase (TP); Complementizer Phrase (CP).
- 16. Lexicon Numeration Syntactic Operations Spell-out Phonological Form (PF) Logical Form(LF) S-M Interface C-I Interface FLN FLB
- 20. Semantics What is this about: - The meaning within language structure. What is its unit: - There’s no actual unit, but some components that depends on the approach (ex: denotation, truth value, world, reference, indentation). What organizes its internal structure: - Syntactic structure, semantical rules, and referential restrictions. What are some of its sub-levels/ categories: - Formal semantics; intensional semantics; computational semantics.
- 25. Pragmatics What is this about: - The meaning beyond language structure, into speech events. What is its unit: - There’s no actual unit, but some components that depends on the approach (ex: speech act, conversational maxims, implicatures, felicitousness). What organizes its internal structure: - Society, reference and informational structure. What are some of its sub-levels/ categories: - Speech acts; politeness; discourse; implicatures
- 27. Discourse What is this about: - The meaning along the text/ discourse. What is its unit: - information (but what we mean by information depends on the approach). What organizes its internal structure: - Society, reference and informational structure. What are some of its sub-levels/ categories: - Enunciation; Semiotics;
- 30. Who are you?