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Designing Inclusive Web Content
Rebecca Blakiston
rebeccablakiston.info
Ferris State University
May 15, 2019
Rebecca	Blakiston									@blakistonr
user	experience	strategist	at	University	of	Arizona	Libraries
Librarian
Website	product	manager
Content	strategist
Strategic	planner
Author,	Writing	Effectively	in	Print	&	on	the	Web
Hello!
Why we should care
knowledge
content	is	the	heart	of	
any	website	and	why	
we	make	websites	in	
the	first	place
access
inclusive	content	is	
more	accessible	to	
everyone,	no	matter	
their	background	
engagement
better	content	helps	
with	recruitment	and	
retention	of	both	
students	and	employees
Tip #1: Know your audience
Create	content	with	your	readers	in	mind.
People are goal-driven.
What	do	they	want	to	know?
What	do	they	want	to	do?
imagine
Stacy
the current
student
Stacy’s	questions
● When	do	classes	start?
● How	can	I	connect	with	an	
advisor?
● How	can	I	change	my	
major?
Stacy’s	tasks
● Enroll	in	classes
● Schedule	a	meeting	with	
an	advisor
● Change	major
imagine
Pete
the potential
student
Pete’s	questions
● What	is	campus	life	like?
● What	housing	is	
available?
● What’s	the	application	
process?
Pete’s	tasks
● Book	a	campus	tour
● Apply	for	housing
● Enroll/apply
imagine
Felix
the faculty
member
Felix’s	questions
● How	can	I	get	support	for	
my	class	development?
● Do	I	need	to	go	through	
the	IRB	process	for	my	
research?
● Are	there	grants	to	fund	
my	research?
Felix’s	tasks
● Contact	technical	
support	for	help	with	
Blackboard
● Submit	an	IRB	
application
● Apply	for	a	grant
What	do	you	know	about	Stacy,	Pete,	and	Felix?
Who	is	your	primary	audience for	your	website?
People	skim	websites.
This	includes	Stacy,	Pete,	and	Felix.
They	depend	on	headings and	hunt	for	links.
Designing Inclusive Web Content
People	are	impatient.
This	includes	Stacy,	Pete,	and	Felix.
They’ll	lose	confidence	quickly.
Designing Inclusive Web Content
People	experience	content	differently.
Stacy	uses	a	screen	reader.
Pete	is	a	non-native	English	speaker.
Felix	has	color	blindness.
Universal	design	is	the	design	of	products	or	environments	to	be	
usable	by	all	people	to	the	greatest	extent	possible.
Tip #2: Keep it focused and simple
Reduce	cognitive	load	with	straightforward	and	succinct	content.
Plain	language	is	content	that	readers	will	immediately	
understand,	without	hesitation.
Pick simple
words ● Avoid	fluff	or	“happy	talk”
● Use	strong	nouns	and	verbs
that	your	audience	will	
understand.
Original Revised
to	ensure for
in	spite	of	the	fact	that though
at	the	end	of	the	day ultimately
anticipated	professional	development	activity travel	plans
Let’s	have a	meeting. Let’s	meet.
Welcome!
I	believe	the	road	to hell is	paved	with	adverbs.
- Stephen	King
On	Writing:	A	Memoir	of	the	Craft
Original Revised
very	large huge
very	small tiny
very	happy thrilled
argue	strongly insist
Focus
● Prioritize
● Break	content	up
● Layer
Or	your	key	messages	get	lost.
2018
2019
Remove all
unnecessary
content
Cut,	cut,	and	cut	again.
● Instructions
● Modifiers
● Redundancies
● “…	Form”
● “Click	here	to…”
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Apply online now. Each program has its own process and requirements, so select the program
that interests you for details.
Contact the Graduate Studies Office with questions.
original
revised
Apply online now. Each program has its own process and requirements, so select the program
that interests you for details.
Contact the Graduate Studies Office with questions.
original
3 sentences
27 words
revised
4 sentences
46 words
Tip #3: Focus on clarity
Strive	for	immediate	comprehension.
Be direct
Write	like	you	talk
● Use	active	voice
● Be	authentic
● Treat	it	as	a	conversation
● Avoid	long	noun	phrases
Original Revised
Eligibility	will	be	verified. We’ll	verify	your	eligibility.
Interested	parties	can	inquire	via	
phone.
Call	us	if	you	are	interested.
Applicants	ought	to	fill	out	the	form. To	apply,	fill	out	the	form.
Service	model	development	
assessment.
Assessment	of	our	newly-developed	
service	model.
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Remove
ambiguity
Don’t	make	them	think
● Avoid	idioms
● Explain	any	jargon
● Write	out	any	acronyms
Original Revised
ODL Office	of	Digital	Learning
circulation borrowing
piece	of	cake easy
The	one	argument	for	accessibility that	
doesn’t	get	made	nearly	often	enough	is	
how	extraordinarily better	it	makes	
some	people’s	lives.	
How	many	opportunities	do	we	have	to	
dramatically	improve	people’s	lives	just	by	
doing	our	job	a	little	better.
- Steve	Krug
Don’t	Make	Me	Think
Use ALT text
for	any	image	that	holds	meaning.
● Describe	what	matters	in	
the	image
● Don’t	include	“image	of…”
● Keep	it	succinct	but	
meaningful
● Don’t	describe	decorative	
images	(use	empty	alt	tag)
peop
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Provide write-in
options
for	ethnicity,	religion,	gender,	
dietary	restrictions,	and	
discipline.
National	Center	for	Faculty	
Development	&	Diversity
Include a “prefer
not to say”
option
and/or	make	it	optional.
LinkedIn
Tip #4: Organize and structure
Your	content	flow	should	be	intentional,	point-of-need,	and	easy	to	skim.
Allow for
skimming
whether	people	are	skimming	
visually	or	with	a	screen	reader.
● Use	semantic	headings
● Use	parallel	grammatical	
structure
● Include	clear	calls	to	action
Use semantic
headings
to	break	up	content	and	help	
people	navigate.
University	of	Michigan	Library
<p><strong>
<title>
<h1>
<h1>
<p>
<p>
Parallelism
Be	consistent	in	grammatical	structure	(e.g.	imperative	verbs,	gerunds,	nouns).
Original Revised
● Interviewing
● Networking
● Design	Your	Search
● Interviewing
● Networking
● Designing	Your	Search
Use meaningful
link and button
labels
so	people	know	where	clicking	
will	take	them.
● Make	every	link	label	
unique
● Use	descriptive	nouns	and	
verbs
● Try	active	verbs
Specific link	text	sets	sincere
expectations	and	fulfils	them,	and	is	
substantial	enough	to	stand	alone	while	
remaining	succinct.
- Kate	Moran
Nielsen	Norman	Group
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Tip #5: Make it readable
Be	intentional	with	font	choice,	white	space,	and	formatting.
Keep stuff short
Learn	to	love	white	space
● 3	sentences	per	paragraph
● 25	words	per	sentence
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Make links look
like links
so	people	know	they	are	
clickable.
Use bulleted lists
for	lists	of	related	items.
Cal	Poly	Robert	E.	Kennedy	
Library
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Duke	University	Library
Use numbered
lists
for	steps	in	a	process.
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Use tables
for tabular	and	if,	then content.	
(But	never	for	layout).
Designing Inclusive Web Content
Grand	Valley	State	University	Libraries
Consider color
choices
Aim	for	high	contrast	and	don’t	
use	color	alone	to	indicate	
meaning.
Avoid
justification
It	leads	to	inconsistent	spacing	
and	makes	things	harder	to	read.
Left justify, rag right
Avoid ALL CAPS
They	are	harder	to	read	and	
sound	like	you’re	shouting.
Avoid
unnecessary
capitalization
It	decreases	readability	and	can	
cause	confusion.
Avoid italics
They	are	harder	to	read	and	also	
sound	like	you’re	shouting.
Avoid underlines
They	look	like	links.
As	web	professionals,	our	decisions	define	and	shape	
the	web	landscape.	They	can	create	barriers,	
and	they	can	remove them.	
Guided	by	an	understanding	of	people’s	needs,	it’s	
also	possible	to	avoid	barriers	altogether,	
right	from	the	start.
- Sarah	Horton	&	Whitney	Quesenbery
A	Web	for	Everyone:	Designing	Accessible	User	Experiences
Questions and discussion
Let’s	talk.

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Designing Inclusive Web Content