Different Models of Learning Styles
- 2. Learning StylesLearning Styles O Refer to a range of competing and contested theories that aim to account for differences in individuals’ learning. O described as a group of characteristics, attitudes and behaviors that define our way of learning.
- 3. O Different styles influence the form students learn, how teachers teach and the interaction between them.
- 4. DAVID KOLB’S MODELDAVID KOLB’S MODEL O Based on his experiential learning model which applies two related approaches toward grasping experience: CONCRETE EXPERIENCE and ABSTRACT CONCEPTUALIZATION as well as two approaches towards transforming experience: REFLECTIVE OBSERVATION and ACTIVE EXPERIMENTATION.
- 5. The Experiential Learning Cycle
- 6. Kolb’s 4 Learning Styles Doing (Active Experimentation/AE) Watching (Reflective Observation/RO) Feeling (Concrete Experience/CE) ACCOMMODATOR (CE/AE) DIVERGER (CE/RO) Thinking (Abstract Conceptualization /AC) CONVERGER (AC/AE) ASSIMILATOR (AC/RO)
- 7. Learning Styles’ DescriptionsLearning Styles’ Descriptions 1. ACCOMMODATOR O Relies on INTUITION rather than LOGIC O Strong in ‘HANDS-ON’ and PRACTICAL DOING O Rely on others for information than carry out their own analysis
- 8. 2. CONVERGER O Can solve problems and will use their learnings to find solutions to practical issues O Less concerned with people and personal aspects O Strong in APPLICATION OF THEORIES
- 9. 3. DIVERGER O Able to look at things from different perspectives O Perform better in situations that require ‘IDEAS GENERATION’ or ‘BRAINSTORMING’ O Have broad cultural interest and like to gather information O Strong imaginative ability O Interested in people
- 10. 4. ASSIMILATOR O Ideas and concepts are more important than people O Attracted to logically sound theories than approaches based on practical value O Strong in INDUCTIVE REASONING and CREATION OF THEORIES
- 11. “Learning is the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience.” (Kolb, 1984, p.38)
- 12. PETER HONEY & ALANPETER HONEY & ALAN MUMFORD’S MODELMUMFORD’S MODEL
- 13. Honey and Mumford’s 4 Learning Styles 1. Activist 2. Reflector 3. Theorist 4. Pragmatist
- 14. 1. ACTIVIST O Learns by doing O Preferred activities: Brainstorming Problem solving Group discussion Puzzles Competitions Role Play
- 15. 2. REFLECTOR O Learns by observing and thinking about what happened O Preferred activities: Self analysis questionnaires Personality questionnaires Observing activities Interviews
- 16. 3. THEORIST O Learns by understanding the theory behind actions O Preferred activities: Models Statistics Stories Quotes Background information Applying theories
- 17. 4. PRAGMATIST O Puts the learning into practice in the real world O Preferred activities: Case studies Problem solving Discussions
- 18. WALTER BURKE BARBE’SWALTER BURKE BARBE’S LEARNING MODALITIES/VAKLEARNING MODALITIES/VAK MODELMODEL O The VAK model is divided in three different learning styles depending on the way each one receives and processes the information.
- 19. 1. VISUAL O Prefer to see information such as pictures, diagrams, cartoons, demonstrations O Picture words and concepts they hear as images O Easily distracted in lecture with no visual aids O Overwhelmed with intense visuals accompanied by lecture O Benefit from using charts, maps, notes, and flash cards when studying
- 20. 2. AUDITORY O Prefer to hear information spoken O Can absorb a lecture with little effort O May not need careful notes to learn O Often avoid eye contact in order to concentrate O May read aloud to themselves O Like background music when they study
- 21. 3. KINESTHETIC/TACTILE O Prefer touch as their primary mode for taking in information O In traditional lecture situations, they should write out important facts O Create study sheets connected to vivid examples O Role-playing can help them learn and remember important ideas O May benefit by using manipulatives
- 22. THE LEARNING MODALITIES VISUAL AUDITORY KINESTHETIC Picture Listening Gestures Shape Rhythms Body Movements Sculpture Tone Object Manipulation Paintings Chants Positioning
- 23. ANTHONY GREGORC &ANTHONY GREGORC & KATHLEEN BUTLER’S MODELKATHLEEN BUTLER’S MODEL O Posits that an individual’s perceptive abilities are the foundation of his or her specific learning strengths or styles O In this model, there are two perceptual qualities: CONCRETE and ABSTRACT and two ordering abilities: RANDOM and SEQUENTIAL
- 24. 2 PERCEPTUAL QUALITIES 1.CONCRETE OInvolves registering information through the five senses 2.ABSTRACT OInvolves the understanding of ideas, qualities, and concepts which cannot be seen
- 25. 2 ORDERING ABILITIES 1.SEQUENTIAL OInvolves the organization of information in a linear, logical way 2.RANDOM OInvolves the organization of information in chunks and no specific order
- 26. GREGORC & BUTLER’S 4 LEARNING STYLES: 1.Concrete Sequential 2.Abstract Random 3.Abstract Sequential 4.Concrete Random
- 28. NASSP MODELNASSP MODEL O Formed by the National Association of Secondary School Principals in the 1980s O Identified three broad categories of style and 31 variables
- 29. 3 CATEGORIESOF LEARNING STYLES 1.COGNITIVE OAre preferred ways of perception, organization and retention.
- 30. 2. AFFECTIVE O Represent the motivational dimensions of the learning personality; each learner has a personal motivational approach.
- 31. 3. PHYSIOLOGICAL O Are bodily states or predispositions, including sex- related differences, health and nutrition, and reaction to physical surroundings such as preferences for levels of light, sound and temperature
- 32. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONSEDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS O Educators should ensure that the activities are designed and carried out in ways that offer each learner the chance to engage in the manner that suits them best. O Individuals can be helped to learn more effectively by the identification of their lesser preferred learning style and through the strengthening of these. O Teachers should assess the learning style of their students and adapt their classroom methods to best fit each student’s learning style.