How NR based sidelink expands 5G C-V2X to support new advanced use cases
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This document summarizes a presentation about how 5G New Radio (NR) based sidelink technology expands cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) capabilities to support advanced use cases. NR C-V2X introduces capabilities like multicast messaging, flexible resource allocation, and adaptive reference signaling that allow for lower latency, higher throughput applications beyond basic safety use cases. The presentation outlines NR C-V2X's technical features and enhancements over LTE C-V2X and provides examples of how it can enable new advanced vehicle communication applications.
How NR based sidelink expands 5G C-V2X to support new advanced use cases
- 1. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. @qualcomm_techMarch 2020 How NR based sidelink expands 5G C-V2X to support new advanced use cases
- 2. 2 Our presenter Shailesh Patil Principal Manager/Engineer Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. Today’s agenda • Rel 14/15 C-V2X momentum • How does NR C-V2X bring advanced use cases? • NR C-V2X demos and over-the-air simulations • Questions?
- 3. 33 V2P Vehicle-to-pedestrian e.g., safety alerts to pedestrians, bicyclists V2V Vehicle-to-vehicle e.g., collision avoidance safety systems V2N Vehicle-to-network e.g., real-time traffic/routing, cloud services V2I Vehicle-to-infrastructure e.g., roadside traffic signal timing/priority C-V2X Rel 14/15 C-V2X established basic safety Rel 16 NR C-V2X saw continued evolution for advanced use cases Release 14/15 C-V2X standards completed Broad industry support with 5GAA Global trials started in 2017; first commercial deployment expected in 2020 Qualcomm ® 9150 C-V2X chipset announced in September, 2017 Integration of C-V2X into the Qualcomm ® Snapdragon™ Automotive 4G and 5G Platforms announced in February, 2019 Qualcomm 9150 C-V2X and Qualcomm Snapdragon Automotive 4G/5G Platforms are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
- 4. 4 Momentum and commercial deployments Rel 14/15 C-V2X
- 5. 5 CAMP PSA BMW Daimler SAIC Continental Bosch LG ZTE Ford Lear Valeo WNC CMCC AT&T NTT DoCoMo CMRI McCain Quectel SWARCO Commsignia Genvict Nebulalink R&S Datang Ficosa Savari Kapsch Neusoft Reach Simcom Sasken, Thundersoft Telit Lacroix And more… Collaborating with key ecosystem players North America Ford, GM, Hyundai, Nissan, CAMP1 Europe Audi, BMW, FCA, PSA China SAIC Korea Japan Nissan, OKI, DCM Australia Japanese OEM Gaining traction across numerous regions and industry sectors From standards completion to independent field testing to initial deployments 1. CAMP = Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership LLC and this project includes the listed OEMs and Qualcomm. Driving C-V2X global presence with trials and demos 5GAA Automotive Association • 8 of the top 9 global automakers • Top automotive Tier 1 suppliers • 9 of the top 10 global telecommunications companies • Top 3 global smartphone manufacturers • Top global semiconductor companies • Top 5 global wireless infrastructure companies • Top global test and measurement companies and certification entities • Global representation from Europe, China, US, Japan, Korea, and elsewhere
- 6. 6 Strong C-V2X momentum globally Sep. 2016 5GAA founded Jan. 2017 ConVeX trial in Germany announced Mar. 2017 Rel-14 C-V2X spec finalized Feb. 2017 Towards 5G trial in France announced Sep. 2017 First C-V2X chipset introduced Oct. 2017 San Diego Regional C-V2X trial Apr. 2018 First multi-OEM demo in D.C. Jun. 2018 1st US deployment in Denver Jul. 2018 Europe’s first multi-OEM demonstration in Paris Oct. 2018 Multi-OEM performance evaluation of C-V2X Oct. 2018 C-V2X functional and performance test report published Nov. 2018 Reaches 100 members Nov. 2018 China-SAE ITS Stack Compatibility Jan. 2019 Cooperative driving live interactive demos in Las Vegas Jan. 2019 Announcing C-V2X implementation in Las Vegas Feb. 2019 C-V2X integrated with Qualcomm® SnapdragonTM Automotive 4G/5G platforms Feb. 2019 TELEFÓNICA/ SEAT’s live C-V2X/ 5G demo at MWC Barcelona Mar. 2019 Cross border demo Mar. 2019 SAIC project complete May 2019 C-V2X ecosystem demos Nov. 2019 CAMP congestion control scenario testing by OEM consortium Nov. 2019 Live demos show C-V2X as a market reality Jan. 2020 C-V2X deployment in Virginia with VaDoT Jan. 2020 ETSI European specifications and standards for C-V2X completed Feb. 2020 C-V2X devices passed European Radio Equipment Directive (RED) MDM 9150
- 7. 7 Specifying minimum requirements Supporting emerging use cases Providing interoperability Standardizing messages for new use cases (e.g., sensor data sharing among vehicles) Allowing vehicles from different automakers to benefit from new use cases Defining application layer-specific minimum requirements for new messages Working with regional standards to define applications globally SAE for North America, ETSI ITS for Europe, and C-SAE/C-ITS for China
- 8. 8 Introduces complementary capabilities for advanced use cases NR C-V2X
- 9. 9 Rel-15 commercialization Commercialization of future 5G releases Delivering on the 5G vision Continue expansion to new verticals, deployments, use cases, spectrum Rel-161 Rel-18+ evolution Rel-171 Future-proof platform LTE essential part of the 5G platform 2018 20202019 20222021 2023+ Rel-15 Driving the 5G technology evolution 1. 3GPP start date indicates approval of study package (study item->work item->specifications), previous release continues beyond start of next release with functional freezes and ASN.1 NR 2020 eMBB expansion • Beyond smartphone (PC, FWA, …) • New markets/regions • Nationwide coverage and SA migration Longer term expansion • Industrial IoT, enterprise, automotive network • Private networks • Unlicensed spectrum 2019 eMBB • Global smartphone launches • Fixed wireless access
- 10. 10 C-V2X Rel 14/15 sidelink Broadcast messages NR C-V2X builds on LTE C-V2X with advanced use cases Safety use cases Advanced use cases 5G C-V2X sidelink Upper layers Mapping use cases to transport profile NR C-V2X Rel 16+ sidelink Multicast messages
- 11. 11 Rel 14 / Rel 16+ C-V2X NR C-V2X introduces complementary capabilities for advanced use cases Rel 16+ NR C-V2X vehicles are designed to support Rel 14 / 1 5 for safety use cases R14 / R16+ C-V2X Rel 14 C-V2X only car Rel 14/15 C-V2X for automotive safety
- 12. 1212 NR C-V2X delivers a design that addresses advanced use cases Building on existing frameworks Introduces advanced capabilities • Efficient sidelink link level design for optimized performance at all speeds • Connectionless ‘on-the-fly’ distance-based groups • Multicast with distance-based reliability and application relevancy And increased performance • Lower latency • Higher spectral efficiency • Higher capacity Such as adding sidelink and dynamic reference signal for various speed Flexible slot-based framework Scalable OFDM- based air interface Such as wideband carrier support (>20 MHz) and different sub-carrier spacing Utilizes NR flexible framework Leverages LTE C-V2X concepts Such as frequency division multiplexing, guaranteed latency performance and prioritization support Advanced channel coding State of the art LDPC/ polar coding to deliver performance 5G C-V2X
- 13. 1313 Scalable OFDM air interface and flexible slot structure NR C-V2X 15 kHz spacing, wideband carrier support up to 100 MHz Slot structure without feedback Higher spectral efficiency at high speeds Enhanced reliability with feedback 30 kHz spacing, wideband carrier support up to 100 MHz 60 kHz spacing, wideband carrier support up to 100 MHz Data Control Frequency Time AGC Gap Data Control Frequency Time AGC Gap Gap Feedback Slot structure with feedback
- 14. 1414 1. NAK is negative acknowledgement. 2. HARQ is hybrid automatic repeat request. 3. SFN is single frequency network. Reliable multicast based on NAK1 feedback from receivers Retransmission based on HARQ2 Multiple receivers send NAK feedback using the same resource (time and frequency), also referred to as SFN3. SFN of NAK keeps the feedback overhead constant, independent of the number of receivers. Frequency Time Data Control AGC Gap Data Control AGC Gap Gap NAK NAK Data Control Feedback Reliable and efficient multicast using SFN feedback
- 15. 15 Variable reference signal design density Strategic placement of reference symbols 1. Demodulation Reference Signal NR C-V2X supports adaptive 2-, 3-, 4- symbol DMRS for high-speed performance Slow Vehicle speeds Medium Vehicle speeds Fast Vehicle speeds 0.5ms TTI with 30kHz SCS Highspeed+highMCS+AdditionalDMRS 1 NRBs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Gap RS RS RS RS RS RS Control AGC Gap RS RS RS RS RS RS Control AGC Gap RS RS RS RS RS RS Control AGC DMRS Data
- 16. 16 Uniform coverage by adding distance as a dimension Should be notified, but does not get signal Does not need to be notified, but gets signal c Location information shared efficiently in the physical layer control channel Enables NAK feedback with HARQ based on distance
- 17. 17 Groups can reliably connect based on distance c Vehicles within a certain distance and interested in same services form an ‘on-the-fly’ group
- 18. 18 NAK NAK Received Irrelevant message (outside app-specific distance) Application A Application B Application-specific distance is determined based on relevancy Transmitting vehicles adapt transmission to relevant vehicles within range Receiving vehicles only acknowledge (NAK) relevant messages Application-aware, distance-based multicast communication
- 19. 1919 Semi-persistent scheduling Suitable for basic safety messages with similar packet sizes Periodic transmission (typically ~100 ms) Per packet scheduling Variable traffic model based on the varying packet sizes Lower latency (< 100 ms) ResourcePacket Efficient and flexible resource allocation for advanced applications with variable traffic
- 20. 2020 Stage 1 format for resource allocation R16 UE R17 UER17 UE Stage 2 format for a Rel 16 application Stage 2 format for a Rel 17 application Two-stage control allows efficient and flexible support for current and future applications Slot structure showing two-stage control Data Control Data Stage 1 Stage 2 (Rel 16) Stage 1 Common across releases and provides resource allocation information Stage 2 Provides application-specific information and also facilitates forward compatibility AGC Gap
- 21. 21 Spectral efficiency: up to 2x for broadcast Scalable OFDM and flexible DMRS provide higher spectral efficiency, which reduces bandwidth usage and allow for more capacity Lower latency: Tx latency as low as 1.5 ms Due to shorter slots and resources allocation enhancements Higher capacity: 2x for per packet scheduling Achieved through link-level gain, HARQ feedback, and resource allocation enhancements NR C-V2X enhancementsSignificant physical layer gains
- 22. 22 Over-the-air demos and simulations NR C-V2X
- 23. 23 Qualcomm 5G technology is licensed by Qualcomm Incorporated. Qualcomm 5G products are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its subsidiaries.
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- 25. 25 5G C-V2X prototype platform
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- 27. Follow us on: For more information, visit us at: www.qualcomm.com & www.qualcomm.com/blog Thank you! Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein. ©2018-2020 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., and/or other subsidiaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure, as applicable. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensing business, QTL, and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm Technologies, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated, operates, along with its subsidiaries, substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering, research and development functions, and substantially all of its product and services businesses, including its semiconductor business, QCT.