Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data
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Dr. Ben Anderson presents on hunting for energy demanding practices using big and medium sized data. He discusses linking transactional energy use data to surveys and time use studies to identify household practices that influence demand, such as cooking and cleaning routines. New sources of data like smart meter traces are also explored for revealing rhythms of demand. Challenges include scaling up micro-level insights and taking post-disciplinary approaches to analyze data of different sizes.
Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data
- 1. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Dr Ben Anderson @dataknut Engineering & Environment (Energy & Climate Change)
- 2. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut What people do Demand Infrastruc tures The engineering ‘nexus’ 2
- 3. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut What people do Demand Infrastruc tures The engineering ‘problem’ 3 Andrewglaser at English Wikipedia
- 4. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut The engineering ‘epiphany’ 4 What people do And you can say the same about water…
- 5. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut What people do So what do people do? 5 Chaos breeds life, order breeds practices. ~ Henry Adams In any family, measles are less contagious than (bad) practices. ~ Mignon McLaughlin Nothing so needs reforming as other people's practices. ~ Mark Twain Men's natures are alike; it is their practices that separate them. ~ Confucius Habitua l Social Variable End Use practices We first make our practices then our practices make us. ~ John Dryden All images source: wikipedia.org Misquotes: variants on those found at quotegarden.com
- 6. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Practices, proxies & marks 6 (an empiricist’s response) Image: Anthony B. Wooldridge “The recurrent enactment of specific practices leaves all sorts of “marks” – diet shows up in statistics on obesity; heating and cooling practices have effect on energy demand, and habits of laundry matter for water consumption. Identifying relevant “proxies” represents one way to go.” Social Practices Research Group Discussion Paper www.sprg.ac.uk Image: Eric Shipton
- 7. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Energy footprints… 7 Source: EPSRC DANCER Project baseline gas consumption monitoring - http://www.dancer-project.co.uk/ Gas consumption per 5 minutes, identical dwellings in South East UK, same street, both couples with 3 children, male partner working, female partner not December 2012 – February 2013
- 8. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut By linking ‘big’ & ‘little’ 8Source: Small scale energy diary and consumption monitoring study lead by Kathryn Buchanan, University of Essex http://www.dancer-project.co.uk/ Practices Water Energy Food
- 9. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut But how do we scale up? 9 What correlates with water ‘demand’? Tried Expenditure Surveys Data: UK Living Costs and Food Survey 2002-2009 (n = 38,630) Wide range of controls http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11269-012-0117-y -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 Washing machine Dishwasher Laundry/Laundrettes Leaf & stem vegetables Tea Coffee Fruit juices (incl squash) Mineral/spring water Soap/shower gel Detergents/washing powder Regression coefficient ( = £/week)
- 10. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut DEMANDing Practices? 10 UK, 1974 Tried & tested Expenditure Surveys Time Use Surveys
- 11. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut How do we ‘detect’ change? 11 UK, 2005 Tried & tested Expenditure Surveys Time Use Surveys
- 12. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Evolving ‘practices’? 12 -25.00 -20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 %pointchange1974-2005 Personal, child, adult or household care/chores Cooking or eating Work or work related Education or related Shopping/service use Voluntary, civic, watching sport, leisure or social activities Sport or exercise Media use incl. TV, radio, PC, internet Travel Source: MTUS 1974-2005, author’s calculations, weighted
- 13. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut In detail: cooking @ home 13 -0.6% -0.4% -0.2% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Weekdays (average) Saturday Sunday % point change 1974 - 2005 Source: MTUS 1974-2005, author’s calculations, weighted
- 14. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut In detail: Sunday lunch 14 Mean number of half hours in which food prep at home on Sunday 11:00 – 14:00 was reported 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+ lowest 25% middle 50% highest 25% -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 16-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 64-74 75+ lowest 25% middle 50% highest 25% 20051974 Source: MTUS 1974-2005, author’s calculations, weighted
- 15. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut ‘Cultural’ practices? 15 E-Living Time Use Diary 2001 (weekdays) % persons reporting
- 16. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut ‘Cultural’ practices? 16 E-Living Time Use Diary 2001 (weekdays) % persons reporting Cooking 0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 %respondents(weighted) UK Italy Germany Norway Bulgaria
- 17. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut More radically… 17 Tried & tested Expenditure Surveys Time Use Surveys Less tried & rarely tested TechnoTraces
- 18. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut UK Housing Energy Fact File Graph 7a: HES average 24-hour electricity use profile for owner-occupied homes, England 2010-11 Gas consumption The amount of gas consumed in the UK varies dramatically between households. The top 10% of households consume at least four times as 60 ously from ld, and the do with 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Heating Water heating Electric showers Washing/drying Cooking Lighting Cold appliances ICT Audiovisual Other Unknown Watts Traces of habit? 182,839,200 half hourly electricity consumption records from 4,225 households, October 1-14, 2009 Data available from: http://www.ucd.ie/issda/data/commissionforenergyregulationcer/ Weekend
- 19. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Demanding rhythms 19 Mid-week Weekend Autocorrelation analysis of lagged consumption 2,839,200 half hourly electricity consumption records from 4,225 households, October 1-14, 2009 Data available from: http://www.ucd.ie/issda/data/commissionforenergyregulationcer/
- 20. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Demanding rhythms: mid-week 20 -0.15 -0.1 -0.05 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 Meanautocorrelationcoefficient Lag In work Unemployed Retired Caring for relative or family Autocorrelation analysis of lagged consumption 2,839,200 half hourly electricity consumption records from 4,225 households, October 1-14, 2009 Data available from: http://www.ucd.ie/issda/data/commissionforenergyregulationcer/
- 21. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Demanding rhythms: mid-week 21 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 s.d.ofautocorrelationcoefficient Lag In work Unemployed Retired Caring for relative or family These are not answers – they merely invite new questions Autocorrelation analysis of lagged consumption 2,839,200 half hourly electricity consumption records from 4,225 households, October 1-14, 2009 Data available from: http://www.ucd.ie/issda/data/commissionforenergyregulationcer/
- 22. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Post-disciplinary challenges ‘Big’ transactional data ‘Medium sized’ survey data ‘Little’ ethnographic data 22 The insight cycle
- 23. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Post-disciplinary challenges ‘Big’ transactional data ‘Medium sized’ survey data ‘Little’ ethnographic data 23 ‘Big’ Ethnography? The insight cycle pixabay.com
- 24. Hunting for (energy) demanding practices using big & medium sized data Reshaping The Domestic Nexus, Manchester 23/11/2015 @dataknut Thank you 24 • SPRG • DEMAND • SAVE With thanks to: Promoting choice and value for all gas and elec Low Carbon Netwo b.anderson@soton.ac.uk @dataknut pixabay.com