IRJET- Prototype Model of Hyperloop Transportation System based on BLDC Motor and Permanent Magnet

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 402
Prototype Model of Hyperloop Transportation System based on BLDC
Motor and Permanent Magnet
Yayati Patil1, Omkar Angaj2, Sourabh Shindekar3, Sudheer Kasalkar4, Prof. Jaysingh kshirsagar5
1,2,3,4Department of Electrical Engineering, ZCOER, Pune, Maharashtra, India
5Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, ZCOER, Pune, Maharashtra, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT - There are four modes of transportationlike
rail, road, water & air. But, they are either relatively
slow or expensive. To overcome this difficulties
hyperloop concept is develop.Inthisproject,explainthe
concept of hyperloop transportation system. It is high
speed ground transportation systemused forpassenger
& fright transportation. It uses the pod like vehicle
which travel at high speed more than airline speed in
low pressure vacuum tube. It works on the principle of
magnetic levitation. Two permanent magnets are used
one for the track and other for pod. So, pod issuspended
on track due to the force of repulsion & propelled by the
Brushless DC motor.
Key Words: Hyperloop, Magnetic Levitation, Capsule,
BLDC Motor, Embedded System, Bearing, Vacuum Tub
I. INTRODUCTION
The Hyperloop is a concept for high speed ground
transportation, consisting of passenger pods traveling at
high speeds in a low pressure vacuum tube. The hyperloop
concept was originally proposed in a white paper published
by SpaceX in 2013. And it currently developed between Los
Angeles and San Francisco, which was more expensive and
slow. The hyper loop concept required for alternative
transportation mode for short-haul travel. For short routes,
such as Los Angeles – San Francisco the time required for
traveling is more at the speed is relatively low as compared
to overall end-to-end travel time. Now days KPMG Company
published hype loop concept on the Helsinki–Stockholm.
Which carried out the analysis on this route. The time
required to cross this distance 28 minutes. Also the market
share for high speed transportation system is increasing
rapidly in the day by day. The effect of Hyper loop concept
on the airline & road transportation system.
The hyper loop is now emerging concept more
companies are research on this concept. The spaceX is
Organise competition for student and also give the
sponsorship for student. This is start from June 2015. More
than 1,000 teams submitted their hyperloop concept in
competition and more than 100 teams design the hyperloop
prototype model last Week of January 2016. The student
team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology the
MIT Hyperloop Team won 1st prize in the spaceX
competition last week of January2016. Inhyperloopconcept
the main focused in academic research mostlyonthesystem
integration. A conceptual sizing too using the Open MDAO
framework focuses primarily on the aerodynamic and
thermodynamic interactionsbetweenthe podandtube,with
recent work focusing on the energy consumption of the
system. The pods for the SpaceX Hyperloop Competition
were the rest physical prototypes of the Hyperloop concept.
Hyperloop Transportation System (HTS) was founded
for the to reduce the crowd collaboration as an integral
component of its business model, from the first day of
inception to becoming a multi-billion dollar company. More
companies started investment in the hyperloop
transportation system so fund rises rapidly .The crowd has
power, offering opinions and expertise that are difficult to
come by easily unless harnessed through collaboration,.The
crowd sourcing model has proven itself in a variety of
contexts, and has shown that it can beat even the brightest
scientists and supercomputers that energy.
II. SPECIFICATION OF COMPONENTS
1. Battery- Lead acid Battery (2200mAh 11.1V)
2. BLDC Motor- 12V, 1400 rpm
3. POD Dimension- 2.5 inch width, 2.5 inch length
4. PVC Pipe- 3 foot, 4 inch diameter
5. Electronic Speed Controller-( simonk 30A)
6. BluetoothModule- HC-05
7. Microcontroller- ATMAGA16A
Fig.1: Prototype model of Hyperloop Car

III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Fig.2: Block Diagram
IV.SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
A] Basic Principle
The Hyperloop concept is based on a principle of
magnetic levitation. The principle of magnetic levitation is
that a vehicle can be suspended on the track due to the force
of repulsion between the two permanent magnets. The
vehicle is on the top of the track may be propelled with the
help of a Brushless DC Motor.
Fig.3: Construction Diagram of Hyperloop
B] Working of Hyper loop System
Working of hyperloop system is based on the magnetic
levitation principle. As we know that the passenger pod
travel through low pressure tube.Inhyperloopsysteman air
compressor fan is fitted on the front side of pod which is
sucks the air. It transfer high pressure air front side to the
back side of capsule (pod) and it propel the pod. There are
two permanent magnets are used oneforthetrack andother
for below the pod Due to the force of repulsion between the
two permanent magnet pod is suspended on the track. On
the basis of magnetic levitation principle the pod will be
propelled by the Brushless DC motor. By the Brushless DC
motor the capsule send from one place to another place to a
high velocity that is slower than the sound speed. The pod
will be self-powered. Solar panel also used which is fitted on
top of the vacuum tube.
Fig.4 Project Model
The solar panel energy is used for the charging of the
battery. The battery is used for night as well as cloudy
weather condition for the some periods. This energy is also
is stored in the form of compressed air. The air between the
capsule acts as a cushions and it prevent two capsules from
colliding within the tube. In above figure it shown that the
air through the compressor is send to a bypass nozzle at the
back end of the capsule. If capsule cover toomucharea of the
tube then, the air is not flow around the capsule and
ultimately the entire column of air in the tube is being
pushed ahead of the capsule and because of this there is
friction between the air and tube walls is increases
tremendouslyhigh. Therefore, to avoid this problem the
compressor is fitted at the front side of the capsule through
which the air is flow which will not flow around the capsule
and send it to bypass nozzle. Following parts of hyper loop
system.

V. MAIN PARTS OF HYPERLOOP SYSTEM:
1. Capsule
2. Tube
3. Propulsion
4. Vacuum Pump
5. Microcontroller (ATMega 16A)
6. Bluetooth Model( HC-05)
7. Speed Controller
8. Relay
9. BLDC Motor
10. Permanent Magnet
1. CAPSULE
a. Sealed capsules carrying 28 passengers each that travel
along the interior of the tube depart on average every 2
minutes from Los Angeles or San Francisco (up to every
30 seconds during peak usage hours).
b. A larger system has been sized thatallowstransportof3
full size automobiles with passengers to travel in the
capsule.
c. The capsules are separated within the tube by appro-
ximately 23 miles (37 km) on average during operation.
d. The capsules are supported via airbearingsthatoperate
using a compressed air reservoir and aerodynamic lift.
Fig.5: Magnetic Strip Attached To Pod
2. TUBE:
a. The tube is made of steel. Two tubes will be welded
together in a side by side configuration to allow the
capsules to travel both directions.
b. Pylons are placed every 100 ft. (30 m) to support the
tube.
c. Solar arrays will cover the top of the tubes in order to
provide power to the system.
Fig.6: Pod with Magnetic Strip
3. PROPULSION:
a. Linear accelerators are constructed along the length of
the tube at various locations to accelerate the capsules.
b. Stators are located on the capsules to transfer
momentum to the capsules via the linear accelerators
4. VACUUM PUMP:
One important feature of the capsule is the on board
compressor, which serves two purposes. This systemallows
the capsule to traverse the relatively narrow tube without
choking flow that travels between the capsule and the tube
walls (resulting in a build-up of air mass in front of the
capsule and increasing the drag) by compressing air that is
bypassed through the capsule. It also supplies air to air
bearings that support the weight of the capsule throughout
the journey
The compressor is fitted at the front side of the capsule.
It supplies the air to the air bearings which supports the
weight of the capsule. The compressor allows the capsule to
traverse to the low pressure tube without choking the air
flow that travels between tube walls and capsule.
5. MICROCONTROLLER (AT MEGA 16A):
ATmega16 is an 8-bit high performancemicrocontroller
of Atmel’s Mega AVR family with low power consumption.
Atmega16 is based on enhanced RISC (Reduced Instruction
Set Computing, Know more about RISC and CISC
Architecture) architecture with 131 powerful instructions.
Most of the instructions execute in one machine cycle.
Atmega16 can work on a maximum frequency of 16MHz.

ATmega16 has 16 KB programmable flash memory,
static RAM of 1 KB and EEPROM of 512 Bytes. The
endurance cycle of flash memory and EEPROMis10,000and
100,000, respectively.ATmega16isa 40pinmicrocontroller.
There are 32 I/O (input/output) lines whicharedividedinto
four 8-bit ports designated as PORTA, PORTB, PORTC and
PORTD.ATmega16 has various in-built peripherals like
USART, ADC, Analog Comparator, SPI, JTAG etc. EachI/Opin
has an alternative task related to in-built peripherals
Fig 7.Microcontroller
6. RALAY
A relay is an electricallyoperated switch. Many relays
use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but
other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state
relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a
circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where several
circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays
were used in long distance telegraph. Circuits as amplifiers:
they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-
transmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used
extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers
perform logical operation.
Fig 8. Relay
7. BLDC MOTOR:
In hyperloop transportation system main part is BLDC
motor .BLDC Motor is used for thrust producing. This motor
is operated on 12v and it is operating speed 1400 RPM.
When pod is levitated and motor start due to this levitation
and motor speed due to this pod is travel from one point to
another point. We are using BLDc motor for high speed
achievement and alsobldcmotorreducethe electrical losses.
Thebldc motor is connected to back side of pod and it is
produce the force to travelling the pod.
Fig 9. BLDC Motor connected to pod
Fig.10: Hyper loop System
VI. CONCLUSION
The hyperloop is high speed ground transportation
system this concept developed in this project. Instead of the
conventional mode transportation system like air, road, rail
& water there are hyperloop transportation system is used.
It has very high speed so time as well as cost required is less.
By reducing the pressure of the air in the tube enables the
capsule to move faster than through a tube at atmospheric
pressure.
VII. REFERENCES
[1] Ahmed Hodaib, International journal of mechanical,
aerospace, industrial, mechatronics and manufacturing
engineering Vol:10 No:5, (May 2016).
[2] Chin, Jeffrey C.; Gray, Justin S.; Jones, Scott M.; Breton,
Jeffrey J. (January 2015). “Open-Source Conceptual
Sizing Models for the Hyperloop Passenger Pod (PDF)”,
56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural
Dynamics, and Materials Conference.January5–9,2015.
Kissimmee, Florida. doi:10.2514/6.2015-1587.

[3] N. Kayela, editor of scientific and technical department,
“Hyperloop: A Fifth Mode of Transportation”, 2014.
Musk, Elon, "Hyperloop Alpha"(PDF). SpaceX.Retrieved
August 13, 2013. and Motion Control Conference, pp.
2658-2663, May 2009.

IRJET- Prototype Model of Hyperloop Transportation System based on BLDC Motor and Permanent Magnet

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