Lipids and its classification awkum
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This document discusses lipids, their types and functions. It begins by defining lipids as biomolecules that are soluble in organic solvents but not water. Lipids serve important biological roles such as storing energy, forming cell membranes, and acting as chemical messengers. The document then classifies lipids and describes the structures and properties of various types of lipids including fats, fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, sterols and prostaglandins. It emphasizes the roles of lipids such as cholesterol in cell membranes and as precursors to steroid hormones.
Lipids and its classification awkum
- 1. Assignment 1Assignment 1 THEME: LIPIDS IT’S TYPESTHEME: LIPIDS IT’S TYPES & FUNCTION& FUNCTION DVM, 2DVM, 2NDND SEMESTERSEMESTER Presented by. Dr Waleed Qadar,Presented by. Dr Waleed Qadar, Asif Ghafoor,Asif Ghafoor, Yasir Ali &Yasir Ali & Maria ImtiazMaria Imtiaz
- 2. LIPIDSLIPIDS . Biomolecules that have the common property. Biomolecules that have the common property of being soluble in organic (nonpolar) solvents,of being soluble in organic (nonpolar) solvents, but not in water.but not in water. Lipids are mainly composed of C, H and O.AlsoLipids are mainly composed of C, H and O.Also Contain Nitrogen and phosphorusContain Nitrogen and phosphorus They may be small or very complex.They may be small or very complex.
- 3. LipidsLipids Form of Store Energy. Stored in a Fat CellForm of Store Energy. Stored in a Fat Cell (Adipose cell).(Adipose cell). Part of membranes (lipoprotein)Part of membranes (lipoprotein) Serve as chemical messengers (hormones)Serve as chemical messengers (hormones)
- 4. BIOLOGICAL ROESBIOLOGICAL ROES EXPLAIN IN THE NEXT SLIDESEXPLAIN IN THE NEXT SLIDES <3<3
- 5. Energy StorageEnergy Storage Humans store Energy in the form of fatsHumans store Energy in the form of fats Some Energy storage is in the form of theSome Energy storage is in the form of the carbohydrate glycogen – fast energycarbohydrate glycogen – fast energy Fats produce 50% more energy per gram thanFats produce 50% more energy per gram than carbohydratescarbohydrates 9 kcal/gram compared to 4 kcal/gram9 kcal/gram compared to 4 kcal/gram
- 6. Membrane ComponentsMembrane Components Because lipids are insoluble in water, they workBecause lipids are insoluble in water, they work well as membranes to separate compartments inwell as membranes to separate compartments in the bodythe body The structure of lipids makes them waterThe structure of lipids makes them water repellent or hydrophobicrepellent or hydrophobic
- 7. MessengersMessengers Primary messengers like steroidsPrimary messengers like steroids Secondary messengers like prostaglandins orSecondary messengers like prostaglandins or thromboxanesthromboxanes
- 8. Classification of LipidsClassification of Lipids Classified into;Classified into; 1)1) Fats and waxesFats and waxes 2)2) Complex LipidsComplex Lipids 1)1) GlycerophospholipidsGlycerophospholipids 2)2) GlycolipidsGlycolipids 3)3) LipoproteinLipoprotein 4)4) waxeswaxes 2)2) ProstaglandinsProstaglandins
- 9. FatsFats Fats areFats are estersesters Alcohol part is alwaysAlcohol part is always glycerolglycerol Acid part varies butAcid part varies but is a “Fatty Acid”is a “Fatty Acid” glycerol H2C HC H2C OH OH OH palmitic acid CCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 OH O a typical “fatty acid”
- 10. Structure of FatsStructure of Fats Fatty AcidsFatty Acids (FA)(FA) 1)1) Practically all straight chain with no branchesPractically all straight chain with no branches 2)2) 10 to 20 C in length10 to 20 C in length 3)3) Contain an even number of CContain an even number of C The body builds FA from two carbonThe body builds FA from two carbon unitsunits of acetic acid (acetate ion)of acetic acid (acetate ion) 4)4) Those with double bonds are usually in the cisThose with double bonds are usually in the cis isomer formationisomer formation palmitic acid CCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 OH O
- 11. Structure of FatsStructure of Fats Fatty Acids + Glycerol = FATFatty Acids + Glycerol = FAT (an ester)(an ester) C (CH2)16 CH3 O HC H2C H2C C (CH2)12 CH3O O O O C (CH2)16 CH3 O C (CH2)16 CH3 O HC H2C H2C C (CH2)12 CH3O O O O C (CH2)16 CH3 O glycerol first FA second FA third FA
- 12. Structure of FatsStructure of Fats FATSFATS Also called TriacylglycerideAlso called Triacylglyceride Fats are insoluble in waterFats are insoluble in water Exist as both saturated and unsaturated FAExist as both saturated and unsaturated FA
- 13. Structure of FatsStructure of Fats FATSFATS Saturated Fatty AcidsSaturated Fatty Acids Fit together well - close, parallel alignmentFit together well - close, parallel alignment Regular patternRegular pattern Unsaturated Fatty AcidsUnsaturated Fatty Acids cis/trans double bonds do not allow regular packingcis/trans double bonds do not allow regular packing LOWER mp and bp lower than the Sat’d. FALOWER mp and bp lower than the Sat’d. FA
- 14. Common Fatty Acids To KnowCommon Fatty Acids To Know
- 15. Properties of FatsProperties of Fats Physical State - FATSPhysical State - FATS Animal fatsAnimal fats generally solids at RTgenerally solids at RT contain mostly saturated FAcontain mostly saturated FA Plant and Fish oilsPlant and Fish oils generally liquids at RTgenerally liquids at RT contain more unsaturated FAcontain more unsaturated FA
- 16. Properties of FatsProperties of Fats PURE FatsPURE Fats Colorless, odorless, and tastelessColorless, odorless, and tasteless Tastes, odors, colors are causedTastes, odors, colors are caused by substances dissolved in the fatsby substances dissolved in the fats From Yahoo Images
- 17. Classification of LipidsClassification of Lipids Glycerol FA FA FA Simple and complex lipids Simple Complex
- 18. Classification of LipidsClassification of Lipids GlycolipidsGlycerophospholipids Glycerol FA FA FA Simple and complex lipids Simple Complex
- 19. Classification of LipidsClassification of Lipids GlycolipidsGlycerophospholipids Glycerol FA FA FA FA Sphingosine GLUCOSE GALACTOSE Simple and complex lipids Simple Complex
- 20. Phosphoglycerides Sphingolipids Classification of LipidsClassification of Lipids GlycolipidsGlycerophospholipids Glycerol FA FA FA FA Sphingosine GLUCOSE GALACTOSE Simple and complex lipids Simple Complex
- 21. Phosphoglycerides Sphingolipids Classification of LipidsClassification of Lipids GlycolipidsGlycerophospholipids Glycerol FA FA FA Glycerol FA FA PO4 3- ALCOHOL FA Sphingosine GLUCOSE GALACTOSE Simple and complex lipids Simple Complex
- 22. Phosphoglycerides Sphingolipids Classification of LipidsClassification of Lipids GlycolipidsGlycerophospholipids Glycerol FA FA FA Glycerol FA FA PO4 3- ALCOHOL Sphingosine FA PO4 3- CHOLINE FA Sphingosine GLUCOSE GALACTOSE Sphingosine Simple and complex lipids Simple Complex
- 23. GlycerophospholipidsGlycerophospholipids Glycerol is the alcoholGlycerol is the alcohol Two acids are Fatty AcidsTwo acids are Fatty Acids Third is esterified to POThird is esterified to PO44 3-3- and cholineand choline The Fatty Acid on carbon 2 is unsaturatedThe Fatty Acid on carbon 2 is unsaturated choline CH2 CH2OHNH3C CH3 CH3 + glycerol H2C HC H2C OH OH OH
- 24. Coating of nerve axons (myelin)Coating of nerve axons (myelin) Alcohol portion is sphingosineAlcohol portion is sphingosine (not glycerol)(not glycerol) A long chain fatty acid is connected to the NHA long chain fatty acid is connected to the NH22 The End OH group is esterified by phosphorylcholineThe End OH group is esterified by phosphorylcholine SphingolipidsSphingolipids CH(CH2)12CH3 CH CH CH CH2 OH NH2 OH sphingosine
- 25. Glycolipids contain carbohydratesGlycolipids contain carbohydrates They also use sphingosineThey also use sphingosine One type is the cerebrosidesOne type is the cerebrosides occur in the brainoccur in the brain (7% of dry weight!)(7% of dry weight!) present at nerve synapsespresent at nerve synapses GlycolipidsGlycolipids O OH OH HO CH2OH O HN O OH a glucocerebroside
- 26. SphingolipidsSphingolipids Can you find the sphingosine????
- 27. SteroidsSteroids A third major class of lipids:A third major class of lipids: They are all based on this structureThey are all based on this structure
- 28. H3C CH3 CH3 HO CH3 CH3 cholesterol CholesterolCholesterol most abundant steroid in the bodymost abundant steroid in the body cell membrane componentcell membrane component raw material for otherraw material for other steroids synthesissteroids synthesis Exists in both free and esterified formsExists in both free and esterified forms Esterifies with FAEsterifies with FA Gallstones are almost pure cholesterol (physio)Gallstones are almost pure cholesterol (physio) Necessary for human lifeNecessary for human life Manufactured in the liver – body keeps a set amountManufactured in the liver – body keeps a set amount
- 29. H3C CH3 CH3 HO CH3 CH3 cholesterol LipoproteinsLipoproteins Transport cholesterol, and fatsTransport cholesterol, and fats Types of LipoproteinsTypes of Lipoproteins HDL = hi density lipoproteinHDL = hi density lipoprotein (the good Kind)(the good Kind) 33% protein and 30% cholesterol33% protein and 30% cholesterol LDL = lo density lipoproteinLDL = lo density lipoprotein (the not good kind)(the not good kind) 25% protein and 50 % cholesterol25% protein and 50 % cholesterol
- 30. Steroid HormonesSteroid Hormones Cholesterol is starting material for synthesis ofCholesterol is starting material for synthesis of Progesterone:Progesterone: Precursor of sex hormonesPrecursor of sex hormones and adrenocorticoid hormonesand adrenocorticoid hormones C CH3 O O CH3 CH3 progesterone H3C CH3 CH3 HO CH3 CH3 cholesterol
- 31. Hormones from ProgesteroneHormones from Progesterone
- 32. testosterone O CH3 CH3 OH Steroid HormonesSteroid Hormones Sex Hormones - TestosteroneSex Hormones - Testosterone Promotes normal growth of male sex organsPromotes normal growth of male sex organs Synthesized in testesSynthesized in testes from cholesterolfrom cholesterol Secretion results inSecretion results in 22ndnd sex characteristicssex characteristics
- 33. Steroid HormonesSteroid Hormones Sex Hormones - EstradiolSex Hormones - Estradiol Regulates cyclic changes in the uterusRegulates cyclic changes in the uterus Synthesized fromSynthesized from testosteronetestosterone Menstrual CycleMenstrual Cycle Increased at beginningIncreased at beginning of cycleof cycle Help in thickness of uterusHelp in thickness of uterus Also give direction LH to ovulate.Also give direction LH to ovulate. estradiol HO CH3 OH
- 34. Prostaglandins (SH)Prostaglandins (SH) Fatty acid-like substancesFatty acid-like substances Produced in prostateProduced in prostate small amounts producedsmall amounts produced in all tissuein all tissue Synthesized fromSynthesized from Arachidonic AcidArachidonic Acid COOH CH3 Arachidonic Acid COOH O HO OH CH3 PGE2 (a prostaglandin) steps
- 35. ProstaglandinsProstaglandins PGEPGE2 (pgesynthesse)2 (pgesynthesse) induce laborinduce labor therapeutic abortiontherapeutic abortion lowers bplowers bp used to treat asthmaused to treat asthma PGEPGE22αα causes hypertensioncauses hypertension COOH O HO OH CH3 PGE2 (a prostaglandin)
- 36. Occurrence &Occurrence & Function ofFunction of ProstaglandinsProstaglandins
- 37. ThromboxanesThromboxanes O O OH COOH •When a blood vessel is ruptured, platelets congregate(together) and PGH2 causes Them to clot. Aspirin blocks the effect and acts A blood thinner PGH2
- 38. Prostaglandins / LeukotrieneProstaglandins / Leukotriene LeukotrienesLeukotrienes Occur mainly in leukocytes (white bloodOccur mainly in leukocytes (white blood cells)cells) Long lasting muscle contractions especiallyLong lasting muscle contractions especially in the lungs where they cause Asthma-likein the lungs where they cause Asthma-like attacksattacks CH3 OH OHOH COOH Leukotriene B4
- 39. Prepared by : WALEED QADAR & MARIA IMATIAZ Edited by : YASIR ALI & ASIF GHAFOOR. Specially Thanx to, Madam Shabeena Gul.