PARTICLEBOARD EXPERIMENT

DIPLOMA IN WOOD INDUSTRY

FINAL YEAR REPORT
WTE 375

PARTICLEBOARD FROM OIL
PALM FROND
NORHALIMAHTUS SAADIAH BINTI RAZALI (2009445966)
NOOR AIN BINTI MOHD HAZAN (20094842772)
IZZAH AZIMAH BINTI NOH (2009482646)

PARTICLEBOARD
panel product made by compressing small particle of wood while simultaneously
bonding them with an adhesive.
first made in Germany in1940.
nine types of board that are:
1. chips
2. flake
3. wafer
4. sawdust
5. excelsior
6. sliver
7. strand
8. shaving
9. fiber
Particleboard can be choose to undergo either flat press or extruded press but the
most popular is flat press.

S

PECIES : OIL PALM FROND
SOURCE : UITM AGRICULTURE FARM
REASON : TO REDUCE WASTE OF OIL PALM

CHARACTERISTIC OF PARTICLEBOARD
• cheaper
• denser
• More uniform that conventional wood and
plywood
• is substituted for them when appearance
• strength are less important than cost
•The strength of the board will depend on;
- density
- thickness
- layered
- graded structure
- adhesive

• Particle come out with different sizes by using
screening machine
• wood species is oil palm
• particle sizes as a parameter:
- 1.0 mm
- 2.0 mm

• resin that use in producing the particleboard is
phenol formaldehyde.
• using different concentration as a parameter:
- 7%
- 9%
-11%

•CHIPPER
to chip large pieces of wood

• FLAKER
for cutting into desired sizes flakes from chips as
well as sliced bamboo and crushed veneer

•SCREENING
screening the flake into differences size

•OVEN
for reducing the moisture content of flake

•BALANCE
balancing weight of PF and also balancing
weight of particle

•PARTICLEBOARD MIXER
for mixing the particle with resin

•COLD PRESS
for reducing the thickness of particle board and
consolidate the resin

•HOT PRESS
for heating and curing the resin

•ARM SAW
for trimming the edge of particle board

•TABLE SAW
To cut the particleboard for testing

•INSTRON (TESTING MACHINE)
For test the bending and internal bonding

PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION
for 7% phenol formaldehyde

1. Calculate total materials required per board
Target density = 600kg/m³
Thickness = 12mm
Length x width = 35mm x 35mm

Material required per board
= Length x Width x Thickness x Density
= 35cm x 35cm x 1.2cm³ x 0.6g/cm³
= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)
=801.8g (at oven died weight)

2. Calculated resin required
Resin content = 7%
Solid content of resin = 40.2% (as given as
supplier)

Amount of liquid resin required =
[ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 146.58g

3. Calculated equivalence resin content

Equivalent resin content= Liquid resin x solid content
= 139.6 x 0.402
= 56.12g

4. Calculate oven-dried weight of wood flakes

Wood flakes (O/D wt.)= Material wt. – resin wt.
= 801.8g – 56.12g
= 745.68g

5. Calculation air-dried weight of wood required
M.C of wood = 3%

Wood (A/D wt.)= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%
= 745.68 x 1.03 + 5%
= 806.45g

PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION for
9% phenol formaldehyde

Material required per board
= Length x Width x Thickness x Density
= 35cm x 35cm x 1.02cm³ x 0.6g/cm³

= 882g (at ± 10% equivalence Moisture Content)
=801.8g (at oven died weight)

Resin content = 9%
supplier)

Amount of liquid resin required
= [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.09/0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 188.48g

Equivalent resin content
= Liquid resin x solid content
= 179.51 x 0.402
= 72.16g


Wood flakes (O/D wt.)= Material wt. – resin wt.
= 801.8g – 72.16g
= 729.64g

M.C of wood = 3%

Wood (A/D wt.)
= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%
= 729.64 x 1.03 + 5%
= 789.11g

PARTICLE BOARD CALCULATION for
11% phenol formaldehyde

Resin content = 11%
supplier)

Amount of liquid resin required
= [ RS/SC x Wt. per board ]+ 5%
= (0.11/ 0.402 x 801.8) + 5%
= 230.37g

Equivalent resin content = Liquid resin x solid content
= 219.40 x 0.402
= 88.20g

Wood flakes (O/D wt.) = Material wt. – resin wt.
= 801.8g – 88.20g
= 713.6g

M.C of wood = 3%

Wood (A/D wt.)= [ Wood (O/D) x (1 + MC/100) ] + 5%
= 713.6 x 1.03 + 5%
= 771.76g

Frond cleaning
Oil palm tree Oil palm frond
process

Flaking process Wood chip Chipping process

Particle base on
Wood flakes screening process
sizes

Weight the resin weighing process Oven dry

Matt forming
Mixing process Cold press
process

Trimming process particleboard Hot press

Marking for testing Cutting for testing Measure the width

Thickness swelling Weight the
Measure the length
testing particleboard

Testing

Bending testing Internal Bonding Thickness Swelling
testing testing

MALAYSIAN STANDARD TESTING
BENDING : MS1787 :PART 10 :2005
IB : MS1787 :PART 11 :2005
TS : MS1787 :PART 6 :2005

MOE MOR IB TS

>2000 >14 >0.45 <12

PARTICLEBOARD CUTTING SECTION FOR TESTING

•MOE
measure the resistance to bending
related to stiffness of a beam MOE/MOR 1

•MOR MOE / MOR 2
The index of the ultimate breaking IB1 TS1 IB2 TS2 IB3 TS3 IB4
strength when loaded as a simple
beam MOE / MOR 3
TS4 IB5 TS5 IB6 TS6 IB7 TS7
•IB
for measure the mechanical
properties of the particle board. MOE / MOR 4

•TS
measurement of the physical
properties of particleboard

BENDING TESTING This testing is for measure the
mechanical properties of the particle
board.

Usually, this testing is for measure
the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and
Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)

From this testing we can know the
mode of failure from testing as well as
for structural application requiring
strength and rigidity

For this particleboard, the testing for
the sample is important to determine
the characteristics for overall samples.

INTERNAL BONDING
An overall measure of the board’s
integrity that defines how well the
core material is bonded together.

 In the standard test for IB,
dimension of 50mm x 50mm piece of
particleboard is pulled apart with
tension applied perpendicularly to
both faces.

IB is influence directly by board
density, resin content, particle
geometry and raw material type.

THICKNESS SWELLING
These types of testing usually for
measurement of the physical
properties of particleboard.

The Thickness Swelling and Water
Absorption test we soaked the sample
to the water.

Before we soaked the sample to the
water we must take the weight for
Water Absorption testing and the
length and diameter for Thickness
Swelling testing.

GRAPH MOR 1.0 mm
MOR
Mean Standard
17.44

14
12.21
10.02

7% resin cont. 9% resin cont. 11% resin cont.

GRAPH MOE 1.0 mm

MOE
Mean Standard
2306.43
2000
1721.91
1460.98


GRAPH IB 1.0mm
IB
Mean Standard

1.97

1.28
1.12
0.45


GRAPH TS 1.0mm
Percentage of Thickness Swelling
Percent (%) Standard

24.53
22.12
16.03

12


GRAPH WA 1.0mm
Percentage of Water Absorbtion
Percent (%)

133.44
118.92
102.51


GRAPH MOR 2.0mm
MOR
Mean Standard
18.38

14

12.6
10.91


GRAPH MOE 2.0mm
MOE
Mean Standard

2507.96
2000

1666.99 1771.35


GRAPH IB 2.0mm
IB
Mean Standard

1.35

0.70
0.69

0.45


GRAPH WA 2.0mm
Percentage of Water Absorbtion
Percent (%)

119.76

116.95

112.87


DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN
2.0 MM AND 1.0MM

Differentiation MOR between Particle 1.0mm and
2.0mm
18.38

17.44
12.21
14
10.91
12.6
10.02

1.0mm 2.0mm Standard

Differentiation MOE between Particle 1.0mm and
2.0mm
2507.96

1771.35 2306.43
1666.99 2000

1721.91
1460.98


Differentiation IB between Particle 1.0mm and 2.0mm

1.97

1.28
1.12
1.35

0.69 0.70
0.45


Differantiation Percentage Thickness Swelling
between Particle 1.0mm and 2.0mm
31.73

23.46

19.18

24.53 22.12
16.03
12


Differentiation Percentage Water Absorption Particle
1.0mm and 2.0mm
1.0mm 2.0mm
119.76 118.92
112.87
133.44
116.95
102.51


SAMPLES MOE MOR IB TS WA
A
1.0mm 1460.98 10.02 1.12 24.53 133.44
7%pf
B
1.0mm 1721.91 12.21 1.28 22.12 118.92
9%pf
C
1.0mm 2306.43 17.44 1.97 16.03 102.51
11%
D
2.0mm 1666.99 10.01 0.69 31.73 119.76
7%pf
E
2.0mm 1771.35 12.60 0.70 23.46 116.95
9%pf
F
2.0mm 2507.96 18.38 1.35 19.18 11.87
11%pf
STANDARD >2000 >14 >0.45 <12 -

MOE
Sources p-value
Size 0.139
Resin 0.000

MOR
Sources p-value
Size 0.483
Resin 0.000

IB
Sources p-value
Size 0.000
Resin 0.000

TS
Sources p-value
Size 0.000
Resin 0.000

• The bigger size of particle the better of MOE
and MOR.
• The smaller size of particle the better IB and
Thickness Swelling.

PARTICLEBOARD EXPERIMENT

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