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T C P / I P P R O T O C O L
&
I P A d d r e s s i n g
Sunawar Khan
MS(CS)
International Islamic University
Islamabad
November 30, 2016
TCP/IP Protocol
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Section 1
INTRODUCTION
• This is the world's most popular open-system
protocol suite can be used to communicate
across any set of interconnected networks.
• This protocol is equally suited for LAN and
WAN communications either for Voice, Video
or Data.
• TCP/IP is a larger collection of different
protocols based upon the two original
protocols TCP and IP
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
• The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not
exactly match those in the OSI model.
• The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined
as having four layers: host-to-network,
internet, transport, and application.
• when TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say
that the TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five
layers: physical, data link, network, transport,
and application.
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
• The protocol is used for the transmission of
data from an application to the network.
• TCP is responsible for breaking data down into
packets before they are sent, and for
assembling the packets when they arrive.
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
• Reliable Stream transport Port-to-Port
protocol.
• TCP is connection oriented protocol.
• TCP generate a virtual circuit.
• Reliability and Retransmission of damaged
Frame.
• Acknowledgement receive after successful
transmission.
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
• TCP divide long transmission into Segments
• Each segment include
– Sequencing Number
– ACK Id Number
• TCP connection contain three phases
– Connection Establishment
– Data Transfer
– Connection Termination
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Three Way Handshake Protocol
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
TCPFeatures
• Connection Opening
• Flow Control
• Sequencing
• Acknowledgment
• Error Detection
• Connection Closing
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
IP(Internet Protocol)
• The IP protocol takes care of the
communication with other computers.
• IP is responsible for the sending and receiving
data packets over the internet.
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
TCP/IP Protocol and OSI Model
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
ADDRESSING SCHEMES
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Section 2
ADDRESSING
• TCP/IP assigns a unique number to every
workstation in the world called “IP Number”
• The Internet works under a central Internet
Assigned Number Authority(IANA) for allocation
and assignment of various numeric identifiers
needed for the operation of the internet.
• The IANA assigns values of protocol parameters
including type code, protocol number, port
number, internet address and Ethernet
Addresses
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
ADDRESSES IN TCP/IP
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Relationship of Layers & Addresses
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
INTRODUCTION
IP Addresses are represented by a 32-Bit
unsigned binary value which is usually expressed
in dotted decimal notation format.
An IP Address is made of four groups of decimal
number between 0-255 separated by periods.
32 Bits
Network Host
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
8Bits
Octat-28
8Bits
Octat-28
8Bits
Octat-28
8Bits
Octat-28
Dotted Decimal Notation & Binary Notation
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
IPv4 Address
• An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that
uniquely and universally defines the
connection of a device (for example, a
computer or a router) to the Internet.
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
How Much It Is Long
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
An IPv4 address is 32 bits long.
Note
Uniqueness
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
The IPv4 addresses are unique
and universal.
Note
Address Space
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
The address space of IPv4 is
232 or 4,294,967,296.
&
The address space of Octat 28 is 256
Note
Restricted Ip’s
• Some Ips are restricted
– Default Network Address
• 0.0.0.0
– Reserved for BroadCast
• 255.255.255.255
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
IP CLASSES
Section 3
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
IP Classes
• There are five IP Classes and certain special
addresses
• In classful addressing the address space is
divided into five classes
– A(0-127)
– B(128-191)
– C(192-223)
– D(224-239)
– E(240-255)
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
IP Classes
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Table of Classes
Classes 1st Octat 2nd Octat 3rd Octat 4th Octat
A 0 Net ID Host ID
B 10 Net ID Host ID
C 110 Net ID Host ID
D 1110 Multicast IP Address
E 1111Reserved for Future Use
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Number of Blocks
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Classs Number of Blocks Block Size Application
A 128 16777216 Unicast
B 16384 65536 Unicast
C 2097152 256 Unicast
D 1 268435456 Multicast
E 1 268435456 Reserved
CLASS A
Net Host
115 24.53.107
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
0nnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
• The First Bit is 0 ZERO
• The Next 7 Bit represent the Network
• The next 24 bit represent the Host
• The Initial Byte can be from 0-127
• Total addresses are in class A is 126
• 0 and 127 are reserved
• 16777214 hosts on each class.
CLASS B
Net Host
145.24 53.107
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
10nnnnnn. nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh
• The First Bits are 10
• The Next 14 Bit represent the Network
• The next 16 bit represent the Host
• The Initial Byte can be from 128-191
• Total addresses are in class B is 16384
• 65,532 hosts on each class.
CLASS C
Net Host
195.24.53 107
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
110nnnnn. nnnnnnnn. nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh
• The First Three Bits are 110
• The Next 21 Bit represent the Network
• The next 8 bit represent the Host
• The Initial Byte can be from 192-223
• Total addresses are in class C are 2,097,152
• 0 and 127 are reserved
• 254 hosts on each class.
CLASS D
Net Host
115 24.53.107
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
1110mmmm.mmmmmmmm. mmmmmmmm. mmmmmmmm
• The First four bits are 1110
• The Next 28 bits are for multicast address
• The Initial Byte can be from 224-247
CLASS E
Net Host
240 24.53.107
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
1111rrrr.rrrrrrrr.rrrrrrrr.rrrrrrrr
• The First Four Bit are 1111
• The Next 28 Bit represent are reserved
address
• The Initial Byte can be from 248-255
• It is reserve red for experimental use.
Important
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
In classful addressing, a large part of the
available addresses were wasted.
Note
Default Mask for Classful Addressing
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Class Binary Dotted
Decimal
CIDR
A 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 255.0.0.0 /8
B 11111111. 11111111.00000000.00000000 255.255.0.0 /16
C 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000 255.255.255.0 /24
Loop Back Address
• The Class A network 127.0.0.0 is defined as
the loopback address
• Addresses from that network are assigned to
interfaces that process data inside the local
system and never access a physical network.
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
Private Address Space
• IANA requests organizations for use of the private
internet address space for host which require IP
Connectivity within the enterprise network but do
not require external connection to the global
internet.
• For this purpose the IANA has reserved the following
three address blocks for private Internets.
– 1.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
– 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
– 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
THANKS
My Dreams are My Own Dreams
S.K. Ahsan

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Tcp

  • 1. T C P / I P P R O T O C O L & I P A d d r e s s i n g Sunawar Khan MS(CS) International Islamic University Islamabad November 30, 2016
  • 2. TCP/IP Protocol TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes Section 1
  • 3. INTRODUCTION • This is the world's most popular open-system protocol suite can be used to communicate across any set of interconnected networks. • This protocol is equally suited for LAN and WAN communications either for Voice, Video or Data. • TCP/IP is a larger collection of different protocols based upon the two original protocols TCP and IP TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 4. TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE • The layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not exactly match those in the OSI model. • The original TCP/IP protocol suite was defined as having four layers: host-to-network, internet, transport, and application. • when TCP/IP is compared to OSI, we can say that the TCP/IP protocol suite is made of five layers: physical, data link, network, transport, and application. TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 5. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) • The protocol is used for the transmission of data from an application to the network. • TCP is responsible for breaking data down into packets before they are sent, and for assembling the packets when they arrive. TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 6. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) • Reliable Stream transport Port-to-Port protocol. • TCP is connection oriented protocol. • TCP generate a virtual circuit. • Reliability and Retransmission of damaged Frame. • Acknowledgement receive after successful transmission. TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 7. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) • TCP divide long transmission into Segments • Each segment include – Sequencing Number – ACK Id Number • TCP connection contain three phases – Connection Establishment – Data Transfer – Connection Termination TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 8. Three Way Handshake Protocol TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 9. TCPFeatures • Connection Opening • Flow Control • Sequencing • Acknowledgment • Error Detection • Connection Closing TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 10. IP(Internet Protocol) • The IP protocol takes care of the communication with other computers. • IP is responsible for the sending and receiving data packets over the internet. TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 11. TCP/IP Protocol and OSI Model TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 12. ADDRESSING SCHEMES TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes Section 2
  • 13. ADDRESSING • TCP/IP assigns a unique number to every workstation in the world called “IP Number” • The Internet works under a central Internet Assigned Number Authority(IANA) for allocation and assignment of various numeric identifiers needed for the operation of the internet. • The IANA assigns values of protocol parameters including type code, protocol number, port number, internet address and Ethernet Addresses TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 14. ADDRESSES IN TCP/IP TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 15. Relationship of Layers & Addresses TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 16. INTRODUCTION IP Addresses are represented by a 32-Bit unsigned binary value which is usually expressed in dotted decimal notation format. An IP Address is made of four groups of decimal number between 0-255 separated by periods. 32 Bits Network Host TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes 8Bits Octat-28 8Bits Octat-28 8Bits Octat-28 8Bits Octat-28
  • 17. Dotted Decimal Notation & Binary Notation TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 18. IPv4 Address • An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device (for example, a computer or a router) to the Internet. TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 19. How Much It Is Long TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes An IPv4 address is 32 bits long. Note
  • 20. Uniqueness TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes The IPv4 addresses are unique and universal. Note
  • 21. Address Space TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes The address space of IPv4 is 232 or 4,294,967,296. & The address space of Octat 28 is 256 Note
  • 22. Restricted Ip’s • Some Ips are restricted – Default Network Address • 0.0.0.0 – Reserved for BroadCast • 255.255.255.255 TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 23. IP CLASSES Section 3 TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 24. IP Classes • There are five IP Classes and certain special addresses • In classful addressing the address space is divided into five classes – A(0-127) – B(128-191) – C(192-223) – D(224-239) – E(240-255) TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 25. IP Classes TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 26. Table of Classes Classes 1st Octat 2nd Octat 3rd Octat 4th Octat A 0 Net ID Host ID B 10 Net ID Host ID C 110 Net ID Host ID D 1110 Multicast IP Address E 1111Reserved for Future Use TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 27. Number of Blocks TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes Classs Number of Blocks Block Size Application A 128 16777216 Unicast B 16384 65536 Unicast C 2097152 256 Unicast D 1 268435456 Multicast E 1 268435456 Reserved
  • 28. CLASS A Net Host 115 24.53.107 TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes 0nnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh • The First Bit is 0 ZERO • The Next 7 Bit represent the Network • The next 24 bit represent the Host • The Initial Byte can be from 0-127 • Total addresses are in class A is 126 • 0 and 127 are reserved • 16777214 hosts on each class.
  • 29. CLASS B Net Host 145.24 53.107 TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes 10nnnnnn. nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh.hhhhhhhh • The First Bits are 10 • The Next 14 Bit represent the Network • The next 16 bit represent the Host • The Initial Byte can be from 128-191 • Total addresses are in class B is 16384 • 65,532 hosts on each class.
  • 30. CLASS C Net Host 195.24.53 107 TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes 110nnnnn. nnnnnnnn. nnnnnnnn.hhhhhhhh • The First Three Bits are 110 • The Next 21 Bit represent the Network • The next 8 bit represent the Host • The Initial Byte can be from 192-223 • Total addresses are in class C are 2,097,152 • 0 and 127 are reserved • 254 hosts on each class.
  • 31. CLASS D Net Host 115 24.53.107 TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes 1110mmmm.mmmmmmmm. mmmmmmmm. mmmmmmmm • The First four bits are 1110 • The Next 28 bits are for multicast address • The Initial Byte can be from 224-247
  • 32. CLASS E Net Host 240 24.53.107 TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes 1111rrrr.rrrrrrrr.rrrrrrrr.rrrrrrrr • The First Four Bit are 1111 • The Next 28 Bit represent are reserved address • The Initial Byte can be from 248-255 • It is reserve red for experimental use.
  • 33. Important TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes In classful addressing, a large part of the available addresses were wasted. Note
  • 34. Default Mask for Classful Addressing TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes Class Binary Dotted Decimal CIDR A 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 255.0.0.0 /8 B 11111111. 11111111.00000000.00000000 255.255.0.0 /16 C 11111111. 11111111. 11111111.00000000 255.255.255.0 /24
  • 35. Loop Back Address • The Class A network 127.0.0.0 is defined as the loopback address • Addresses from that network are assigned to interfaces that process data inside the local system and never access a physical network. TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 36. Private Address Space • IANA requests organizations for use of the private internet address space for host which require IP Connectivity within the enterprise network but do not require external connection to the global internet. • For this purpose the IANA has reserved the following three address blocks for private Internets. – 1.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 – 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 – 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 TCP/IP Protocol and Addressing Schemes
  • 37. THANKS My Dreams are My Own Dreams S.K. Ahsan