Using the learning cycle to engage students in IL
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This document discusses using the learning cycle in library instruction to engage students. It begins with an overview of Kolb's learning cycle and learning styles. An example lesson plan on evaluating sources is then described that incorporates the learning cycle's four stages: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. The advantages of using the learning cycle are that it aids planning, covers different learning preferences, and matches how the brain learns. Disadvantages include the time needed and that not all learning maps onto the cycle. Tips are provided such as entering the cycle at different points and asking for student feedback.
![Clark, D. R. (2011). The Learning Cycle. Kolb's learning styles and Experiential Learning Model. Retrieved April 23, 2012 from
http://nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leader.html
Escher, M.C. (Artist). (1935). Hand with Reflecting Sphere [Lithograph]. National Gallery of Art. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from
http://www.nga.gov/fcgi-bin/timage_f?object=47949&image=10886&c=ggescher
Lynch, Patsy (Photographer). (2010). FEMA administrator talks about Katrina recovery [Photograph]. FEMA Photo Library. Retrieved April
26, 2012 from http://www.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id=45183
Maximilianklein (Photographer). (2011). Collaborating to solve the Wikipedia puzzle [Photograph]. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Collaborating_To_Solve_the_Wikipedia_Puzzle.JPG
Sommerfield, Arnold (1921). Atomic model. Atombau und Spektrallinien. Retrieved April 25, 2012 from
http://archive.org/details/atombauundspekt00sommgoog
Tamoshaa2012 (Photographer) . (2011). School of Pharmacy, International Campus [Photograph]. Retrieved April 23, 2012 from
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:School_of_Pharmacy,_International_Campus_%281%29.JPG
Zull, J.E. (2002). Model comparing Experiential Learning and regions of the brain. The art of changing the brain: enriching the practice of
teaching by exploring the biology of learning. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.
René Descartes [Painting]. (1800) . Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg
Image Credits](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/usingthelearningcycletoengagestudentsin-151009124046-lva1-app6892/85/Using-the-learning-cycle-to-engage-students-in-IL-33-320.jpg)
Using the learning cycle to engage students in IL
- 1. Using the Learning Cycle in Library Instruction to Engage Students Marcia Rapchak Instruction Librarian Gumberg Library Duquesne University LOEX, Columbus, OH May 5th, 2012
- 2.  Learning Style Self-Assessment (Kolb’s LSI – sort of)  Introduction to the Learning Cycle and Learning Styles  Discussion of Learning Style Limitations  Example Lesson Plan Using the Learning Cycle  Advantages and Disadvantages of Integrating the Learning Cycle into a Lesson Plan  Q & A What We’ll Cover
- 4. You’re doing an adapted version, but the spirit of the real thing is there! Rank each answer 1-4 for each question, then give the totals for the categories. Pick your top 2. If two categories tie for the second-most points, use your top ranked category in a pair with each of the tied categories. If two categories tie for the most points, use each in a pair with your second-ranked category. All will be revealed soon… Learning Style Self-Assessment
- 5.  Concrete Experience  Reflective Observation  Abstract Conceptualization  Active Experimentation Learning Stages (Kolb, 1984)
- 7.  Field work  “Hands-on” activities  Lab work  Problem-based scenarios Concrete Experience in Instruction
- 8. Learning Stages: Reflective Observation Escher’s “Hand with Reflecting Sphere” Source: National Gallery of Art
- 9.  Writing activities / reflection  Watching demonstrations Reflective Observation in Instruction
- 10. Learning Stages: Abstract Conceptualization Arnold Sommerfield’s Atomic Model Source: Atombau und Spektrallinien
- 11.  Readings about the topic  Lectures  Powerpoints Abstract Conceptualization in Instruction
- 12. Learning Stages: Active Experimentation Source: Tamoshaa2012 (from Wikimedia Commons under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported licensing)
- 13.  Service learning  Practicum  Internship Active Experimentation in Instruction
- 14.  Converger  Diverger  Assimilator  Accommodator Learning Styles (Kolb, 1984)
- 15. Likes  Thinking and doing  Problem-solving (technical)  Results-focused activities Dislikes  Discussion  Group work  Touchy-feely stuff Converger = AC + AE
- 16. Likes  Brainstorming  Using their imagination  Concrete examples  Discussion Dislikes  Traditional lectures  “One-answer” tests Diverger = CE + RO
- 17. Likes  Big ideas and theories  Order and logic  Lists, clear ppts, and lectures  Critiquing and planning Dislikes  Group work  Messy, unplanned activities Assimilator = AC + RO Source: Wikimedia Commons (author unknown)
- 18. Likes  Learning by doing  Creativity and risk-taking  New experiences  Group work Dislikes  Lectures  Following directions Accommodator = AE + CE Source: Maximilianklein (from Wikimedia Commons under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.)
- 19. Learning Styles Advantages  Discover your likes / dislikes  Makes aware of other styles Disadvantages  Test not very reliable (Coffield, Moseley, Hall, & Ecclestone, 2004)  Learning styles change based on environment  Test is expensive  Discovering / teaching to learning style does not create learning (Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer, and Bjork, 2008)
- 20. The Learning Cycle Source: Don Clark, 2011 Diverger AssimilatorConverger Accomodator
- 21. How the Brain Learns Zull’s Model Comparing Experiential Learning and Regions of the Brain Source: Zull, 2002
- 22. Evaluating Sources Lesson Plan • Used in writing, communication, and information literacy courses • Associated with a project or paper • Students bring in possible sources (1-3) Using Kolb’s Learning Cycle in Library Instruction
- 23.  Place students in groups  Give each group a source on the same subject  Groups write whether or not they would use the source in an academic paper  Need 3 reasons supported by concrete evidence Concrete Experience
- 24.  Students individually write about when they would and when they would not use the source  Students share their answers with one other person in the group Reflective Observation
- 25.  Groups share responses  I write answers in two columns on the board, trying to link rows Abstract Conceptualization Use Don’t Use Published in 2012 Published in 1987 Author has a Ph.D. Anonymous author
- 26. Abstract Conceptualization, Cont. Students come up with terms for each row and any other evaluation terms Term Use Don’t Use Newness Published in 2012 Published in 1987 Expert-supported Author has a Ph.D. Anonymous author
- 27. I tell them the standard terms and fill in any blanks Abstract Conceptualization, Cont. Term Use Don’t Use Currency Published in 2012 Published in 1987 Authority Author has a Ph.D. Anonymous author Relevancy Objectivity, etc.
- 28. Students evaluate their own sources with the criteria determined in class (often share through LMS) Active Experimentation
- 29. Learning Cycle Advantages  Aids in planning  Covers all learning preferences  Matches how the brain learns (Duman, 2010; Zull, 2006).  Includes active learning (but also)  Allows some “traditional” instruction – need for learning (Kirschner, Sweller, & Clark, 2006)  Forces a focus  Emphasizes process Disadvantages  Time consuming (Frierson, 2010)  Can be “risky”  Not all learning works with learning cycle
- 30.  Let your students know what you are doing  Enter LC at different points  Don’t force it  Use guidance where necessary  Ask for student feedback Tips
- 31. Marcia Rapchak Instruction Librarian Gumberg Library Duquesne University rapchakm@duq.edu Questions?
- 32. Bodi, S. (1990). Teaching effectiveness and bibliographic instruction: The relevance of learning styles. College & Research Libraries, 51(2), 113-119. Clark, D. R. (2011). Kolb's learning styles and Experiential Learning Model. Retrieved April 23, 2012 from http://nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leader.html Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E., & Ecclestone, K. (2004). Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning: A systematic and critical review. London: Learning & Skills Research Centre. Retrieved March 21st from http://www.LSRC.ac.uk Duman, B. (2010). The effects of brain-based learning on the academic achievement of students with different learning styles. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(4), 077-2103. Retrieved from http://www.edam.com.tr/kuyeb/en/default.asp Frierson, E. (2010). Making it their idea: The Learning Cycle in library instruction. In The Library with the Lead Pipe, 1-6. Retrieved from http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2010/making-it-their-idea-the-learning-cycle-in-library-instruction/ Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006). Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational Psychologist, 41(2), 75-86. doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1 Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and Development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2008). Learning styles: Concepts and evidence. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 9(3), 103-119. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01038.x Zull, J. E. (2006). Key aspects of how the brain learns. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 110, 3-9. doi: 10. 1002/ace.213 References and Further Reading
- 33. Clark, D. R. (2011). The Learning Cycle. Kolb's learning styles and Experiential Learning Model. Retrieved April 23, 2012 from http://nwlink.com/~donclark/leader/leader.html Escher, M.C. (Artist). (1935). Hand with Reflecting Sphere [Lithograph]. National Gallery of Art. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://www.nga.gov/fcgi-bin/timage_f?object=47949&image=10886&c=ggescher Lynch, Patsy (Photographer). (2010). FEMA administrator talks about Katrina recovery [Photograph]. FEMA Photo Library. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://www.fema.gov/photolibrary/photo_details.do?id=45183 Maximilianklein (Photographer). (2011). Collaborating to solve the Wikipedia puzzle [Photograph]. Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Collaborating_To_Solve_the_Wikipedia_Puzzle.JPG Sommerfield, Arnold (1921). Atomic model. Atombau und Spektrallinien. Retrieved April 25, 2012 from http://archive.org/details/atombauundspekt00sommgoog Tamoshaa2012 (Photographer) . (2011). School of Pharmacy, International Campus [Photograph]. Retrieved April 23, 2012 from http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:School_of_Pharmacy,_International_Campus_%281%29.JPG Zull, J.E. (2002). Model comparing Experiential Learning and regions of the brain. The art of changing the brain: enriching the practice of teaching by exploring the biology of learning. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing. René Descartes [Painting]. (1800) . Retrieved April 26, 2012 from http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Descartes.jpg Image Credits
- 34. To Deanna Sellnow, Director, Division of Instructional Communication at the University of Kentucky, who introduced me to the Learning Cycle Special Thanks