Computer as the teacher’s tool
- 2. Constructivism • Introduced by Piaget (1981) and Bruner (1990). • They gave stress to knowledge discovery of the new meaning/concepts/principles in learning process.
- 3. Learning Framework Assumption Constructivism Social Constructivism Knowledge is Constructed Knowledge is constructed by the individual within a social context Definition of learning Students build their own learning Students build knowledge influenced by the social context Learning Strategies Gather unorganized information to create new/concept Exchange and share form ideas, stimulates thinking General Orientation Personal discovery of knowledge Students discuss and discover meanings Example 8*5 – 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 +8 Two alternative job offers Option 1 – 8 hrs. /day For 6 days/ week Option 2 – 9 hrs./day For 5 days/week
- 4. Computer’s Capabilities Based on the two learning theories, the teacher can employ the computer as a/an: • An information Tool • A communication tool • A constructive tool • As co-constructive tool • A situating tool
- 5. Informative Tool • The computer can provide vast amount of information in various forms, such as text, graphics, sound, and video. • The Internet itself provides an enormous data base form which user can access global information resources that includes the latest news, weather forecast, airline schedule, sports development, entertainment news and features. • Along the constructivist point of view, it is not enough for learners to download relevant information using computer as an information tool. Students can use gathered information for composition or presentation projects as may be assigned by the teacher.
- 6. Constructive Tool the computer itself can be used for manipulating information, visualizing one’s understanding, and building new knowledge. Microsoft Word computer program itself is a desktop publishing software that allows users to organize and present their ideas in attractive formats.
- 7. Co-constructive Tools • One way of co-construction is the use of the electronic whiteboard where students may post notices to a shared document/whiteboard. • (CSILE) Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Environments - is an example of integrated environment developed by Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. It has been used in a research program within Toronto schools for over five years. - Manifest in the Student-generated database are higher thinking processes-explaining, problem solving/finding, expertise and development, literacy improvement.
- 8. Situating Tool by means of virtual reality (RS) extension systems, the computer can create 3-D images on display to give the user the feeling that are situated in a virtual environment. A flight simulation program is an example of a situating tool which places the user in a simulated flying environment.