Constructivist Learning
- 1. Constructivist Learning Educational Psychology
- 2. What is Constructivist Learning Theory? “ The essence of constructivist theory is the idea that learners must individually discover and transform complex information if they are to make it their own.” (p. 243) Thus, Constructivist Learning Theory is concerned with: How learners make (construct) meaning from their own experiences. How teachers can organize learning experiences to aid students in “meaning-making.”
- 3. Brain Research & Constructivist Learning The brain is a complex adaptive system Perhaps the most potent feature of the brain is its capacity to function on many levels and in many ways simultaneously. Thoughts, emotions, imagination, predispositions and physiology operate concurrently and interactively as the entire system interacts with and exchanges information with its environment. Moreover, there are emergent properties of the brain as a whole system that can not be recognized nor understood when the parts alone are explored.
- 4. Brain Research & Constructivist Learning The search for meaning is innate. In general terms the search for meaning refers to making sense of our experiences. This is survival-oriented and basic to the human brain. While the ways in which we make sense of our experience change over time, the central drive to do so is life long. Something of the extent of human purposes was expressed by Maslow. Thus, the search for meaning ranges from the need to eat and find safety, through the development of relationships and a sense of identity, to an exploration of our potential and the quest for transcendence.
- 5. Brain Research & Constructivist Learning Learning occurs through" patterning". In patterning we include schematic maps and categories, both acquired and innate. The brain needs and automatically registers the familiar while simultaneously searching for and responding to novel stimuli. The brain is both scientist and artist, attempting to discern and understand patterns as they occur and giving expression to unique and creative patterns of its own. It resists having meaninglessness imposed on it as in isolated pieces of information unrelated to what makes sense to a particular learner.
- 6. Brain Research & Constructivist Learning Emotions are critical to patterning What we learn is influenced and organized by emotions and involving expectations, personal biases and prejudices, self-esteem and the need for social interaction. Emotions and thoughts literally shape each other and cannot be separated. Emotions color meaning. Moreover, the emotional impact of any learning may continue to reverberate long after the specific event that triggers it.
- 7. Following Patterns Clear your mind and focus on the video you are about to see There are two teams (black & white) of three passing a basketball. Your task is to count how many times the WHITE team passes the ball. Video
- 8. Gestalt Psychology a theory of mind and brain that proposes that the operational principle of the brain is holistic , parallel, and analog, with self-organizing tendencies; or, that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
- 9. Gestalt Laws of Patterning
- 10. Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs. I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. Tihs shwos the phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy. It deosn’t mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and oyu awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!
- 11. Count every “ F ” in the following text FINISHED FILES ARE THE RE SULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTI FIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS
- 12. Count every “ F ” in the following text F INISHED F ILES ARE THE RE SULT O F YEARS O F SCIENTI F IC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE O F YEARS Total of 6 “F”s
- 15. Proximity
- 23. Faces in Strange Places
- 24. Faces in Strange Places
- 25. Faces in Strange Places
- 26. Constructivist Learning Theorists Piaget Schema development Vygotsky Scaffolding & Social Learning Jerome Bruner Discovery Learning Cooperative Learning Johnson Brothers, Spencer Kagan, Sharan, Slavin
- 27. Jerome Bruner’s Theory Learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge. The learner selects and transforms information, constructs hypotheses, and makes decisions, relying on a cognitive structure to do so. Cognitive structure (i.e., schema, mental models) provides meaning and organization to experiences and allows the individual to "go beyond the information given".
- 28. Jerome Bruner Teachers need To understand the relationship between motivation and learning. To understand how structure relates to the whole. To learn to form "global concepts.“ To learn how to build "coherent patterns” of learning. To understand that facts without meaning or context are not learned. To believe that any subject can be taught to any child.
- 29. Jerome Bruner – Three Modes of Presentation Enactive Representation Learning through action Learning through demonstration Learning through non‑verbal interactions Iconic Representation Pictures Diagrams Images Symbolic Representation Experience is translated into language Concepts and Ideas
- 30. Jerome Bruner – Sequencing The simplest sequence is: Enactive Iconic Symbolic Discovery sequencing Inductive reasoning Problem solving Deductive sequencing Going from generalizations to specifics (Whole‑parts) Cause-effect
- 31. Cooperative Learning There are 4 Critical Attributes Heterogeneous Groups Positive Interdependence Positive Social Interaction Individual Accountability Hundreds of Cooperative Learning Strategies Learning Together (Johnson & Johnson) Group Investigation (Sharan & Sharan) Jigsaw (Aronson) STAD,CIRC (Slavin) Pinwheel, etc (Kagan)
- 32. Bloom’s Taxonomy Knowledge (recall) Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
- 34. Bernice McCarthy & 4-MAT McCarthy's 4MAT Model
- 35. Learning Style Inventories The Learning Style Questionnaire Myers-Briggs Inventory
- 36. Theories of Multiple Intelligence Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence “ Intelligence is mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world environments relevant to one’s life” Analytic Intelligence Creative Intelligence Creative Intelligence
- 37. Theories of Multiple Intelligence Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences p. 126-28 “ This theory is a pluralized way of understanding the intellect. Recent advances in cognitive science, developmental psychology and neuroscience suggest that each person's level of intelligence, as it has been traditionally considered, is actually made up of autonomous faculties that can work individually or in concert with other faculties.”
- 38. Theories of Multiple Intelligence Gardner originally identified 7 faculties which he labeled as “intelligences” Musical Intelligence Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Linguistic Intelligence Spatial Intelligence Interpersonal Intelligence Intrapersonal Intelligence