data entry operations for class 12th chapter vise presentation

By Gopesh Khandelwal
Enrolment no. :- 450077183041

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
• A computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information .
• A computer performs the following functions :-
1. Accept data
2. Store data
3. Process data as desired
4. Retrieve the stored data
5. Print the result in desired format

PERIPHERAL DEVICES
• Peripheral devices are connected to the computer externally
• Peripheral devices are classified into 3 categories
1. Input devices
Input devices accepts data and instructions from the user
2. Output devices
Output devices returns processed data back to the user
3. Other peripheral devices

SOFTWARE
Computers cannot do anything on its own.
The user who instructs the computer has to give a set of Instructions in a particular
sequence to the computer .
These set of instructions are called Programs .
Software refers to a set of program that make the hardware perform a particular set
of task in particular order.

COMPUTER LANGUAGES
• Computer language is broadly classified as :-
1. Low Level Language :
a. Machine language
b. Assembly language
2. High Level Language :
• Compiler and assembler are required to convert :
I. High level language into machine language
II. Assembling language into machine language
Source Program
(higher level language)
Compiler
Object Language
(machine language)
Source Program
(assembling language)
Assembler
Object Language
(machine language)

AN OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) IS A COLLECTION OF
SOFTWARE THAT MANAGES COMPUTER HARDWARE
RESOURCES AND PROVIDES COMMON SERVICES
FOR COMPUTER PROGRAMS. THE OPERATING
SYSTEM IS A VITAL COMPONENT OF THE SYSTEM
SOFTWARE IN A COMPUTER SYSTEM. APPLICATION
PROGRAMS USUALLY REQUIRE AN OPERATING
SYSTEM TO FUNCTION.
WHAT IS AN
OPERATING
SYSTEM ?

COMPONENTS OF OS
○ PROCESS MANAGEMENT
○ MEMORY MANAGEMENT
○ I/O DEVICE MANAGEMENT
○ NET WORK MANAGEMENT
○ NET WORK SERVICES
○ USER INTERFA CE

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OS
ADVANTAGES
• EASY TO USE .
• USER FRIENDLY .
• INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN ALL HARDWARE'S AND
SOFTWARE'S OF THE SYSTEM .
• NO NEED TO KNOW ANY TECHNICAL LANGUAGES.
• ITS THE PLATFORM FOR ALL PROGRAMS.
DISADVANTAGES
• IF ANY PROBLEMS AFFECTED IN OS, YOU MAY LOSE
ALL THE CONTENTS WHICH HAVE BEEN STORED
ALREADY .
• UNWANTED USER CAN USE YOUR OWN SYSTEM .
• IF ANY UNWANTED SUBSTANCE ENTER THE
COMPUTER THEN IT WILL AFFECT ALL THE DATA ON IT.

1. THE STARTBUTTON– Provides a launch point for all commands and applications on your system. You can use
it to quickly start a program, find and open files, access the windows help and support center, shut down
computer, etc.
2. THE TASKBAR – Positioned at the bottom of the screen. It contains start button, program or taskbar buttons,
icons for each running application, the notification icons and show desktop button.
3. DESKTOPICON – Provides quick access to specific program. By default, windows 7 show the recycle bin icon.
However, you can add or remove frequently used program icons to the desktop.
4. GADGET – Allow you to quickly access various handy features from your computer desktop such as internet
radio, slide show, traffic maps, feed online data direct to your desktop, and more. By default, you don't see any
gadget appears on the desktop. You can add, change, move or close the gadgets from the desktop .

Ch-3Ch-3Ch-3Ch-3Ch-3Ch-3Ch-3Ch-3

Main Features of Word Processing
• Creating, editing, saving and printing documents.
• Copying, pasting, moving and deleting text within a document.
• Formatting text, such as font type, Bolding, Underlining or Italicizing.
• Creating and editing tables.
• Inserting elements from other software, such as illustrations or
photographs.

Features of MS word
• Reorganize With The
Outline View.
• Convert Tables To Graphs
In 3-steps.
• You can also Write
Equations In Word.
• Hold 24 Items In The
Clipboard.
• Translate On The Go.
• Be Visually Pleasing With
Kerning.
• Inspect Your Document.
• Take The Benefits Of
Hidden Text.
• Use Word As A Quick
Brainstorming Tool.

WORD SCREEN LAYOUT
Various
tabs
Rulers
Types of menu’s

More about MS word
• It has types of menu’s like Collapsed menu, Expanded menu and shortcut menu.
• It has a customised quick access toolbar to organise the tools available for easy and fast control
of the commands.
• Rulers and vertical and horizontal scrollbars.
• Managing documents.
• Working on multiple documents.
• Protecting a document.
• Printing documents.
• Etc ……..

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS
Shortcut Description
Ctrl+0 Opens an existing document
Ctrl+A Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl+B Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl+C Copy selected text.
Ctrl+D Open the font preferences window.
Ctrl+E Aligns the line or selected text to the center of the screen.
Ctrl+F Open find box.
Ctrl+I Italic highlighted selection.
Ctrl+J Aligns the selected text or line to justify the screen.
Ctrl+K Insert a hyperlink.
Ctrl+L Aligns the line or selected text to the left of the screen.
Ctrl+M Indent the paragraph.
Ctrl+N Opens new, blank document window.
Ctrl+O Opens the dialog box or page for selecting a file to open.
Ctrl+P Open the print window.
Ctrl+R Aligns the line or selected text to the right of the screen.
Ctrl+S Save the open document. Just like Shift+F12.
Alt+F+A Save the document under a different file name.
Ctrl+T Create a hanging indent.
Ctrl+U Underline the selected text.
Ctrl+V Paste.

This lesson covers various features of entering, editing,
copping text , moving text from one place to another in the
document , creating bulleted and numbered lists , creating an
appling styles , spelling and grammar corrections that are
important to enrich your document. Also , enriching a
documents appearance is MS word’s speciality.

Applying simple formatting to text, such font-style, font-size and color, is achieved easily by the
following:
Select/highlight the relevant text to be formatted.
In the home tab, and in the font group, select:-
• The desired color from the font-color button .
• The desired font face from the font style box.
• The appropriate font-size from the font-size box

APPLY BOLD, ITALIC AND UNDERLINE
To apply bold, Italic and underline formatting to text, do the
following:
Select/highlight the relevant text to be formatted.
In the home tab, and in the font group, select;
• The BOLD button to apply
• The ITALIC button to apply
• The UNDERLINE button to apply

You can align the text on the page, by doing the following:
Select the relevant text.
In the home tab and paragraph group ; select :-
• Click the “center-align” button to align selected text to the center
• Click the “right align” button to align selected text to the right
• Click the “left-align” button to align selected text to the left
• Click th e “ justif y button” to align th e text in jus tif ied
m anner .

TEXT SPACING
To change the spacing of text in your document, you simply
1. Select the text, or place the insertion point in the paragraph of
text you want the spacing to apply to
2. In the paragraph group on the home tab, click the drop-down
arrow on the “line and spacing button” to bring out the line spacing
commands.
3. Select the line option spacing you want to apply to the selected

The mail merge feature in MS word can
help you to organise your address data,
get it into a document , and print it out in
the decided format.
Ch-5

FEATURESOF MAILMERGE
1. You can merge a lists of names and addresses to a single
letter that can be sent to different people in their names
and addresses.
2. You can create categories , a single letter with variable
information fields in it , or labels .
3. You can also produce merged documents such as directory
lists , invoices , print addresses on envelops and mailing
labels .

TYPES OF DOCUMENT IN MAIL MERGE
1. Main document - in a mail merge operation , the personalized document (such as, a standard letter, or envelope , or mailing label ) is
known as the main document .
2. Datasource – data source is a file that contains the names and addresses or any other
information that vary with each version of a mail - merge document .
3. Mergedocument – when you merge the main document with data source , a third document
called merge document will be produced . The merge document can be merged to the screen to
view letters along with addresses .

MAIL MERGE WIZARD
• The mail merge wizard guides you through the process of doing a mail merge. This involves
creating and editing main document ; creating a new data file opening an exiting data file ; and
merging the data fields with main document . After opening a mail merge wizard operator has
to follow a step-by-step process which is as follows
1. Selecting a document type
2. Selecting starting document
3. Creating a data source
4. Merging documents
5. Merging the data into the main document
6. Completing the merge

Features of
Spreadsheet
1. AutoSum – helps you to add the contents of a cluster of adjacent
cells .
2. List autofill – automatically extends cell formatting when a new
item is added to the end of a list .
3. Autofill– allows you to quickly fill with repetitive or sequential data
or function's.
4. Autoshapes – toolbar will allow you to draw a number of
geometrical shapes , arrows , flowchart elements , stars, etc.
5. Wizard – guides you to work effectively while you work by
displaying various helpful tips and techniques based on what are
you doing .
6. Drag and drop – it will help you to reposition the data and text by
simply dragging the data with the help of mouse.
7. Charts – it will help you in presenting a graphical representation of
your data in the form of pie, bar, line charts and more .
8. Pivotable – it flips and sums data in seconds and allows you to
perform data analyses and generating reports .

Data Entry
Various kinds of data can be entered in a cell like :-
1. Numbers: Numbers can be from entire range of numeric value:
whole numbers(1,374,4087,etc) , decimals(2.3,47.96,etc) , and
scientific notation (0.2567E+2,etc)
2. Text: After entering the data press ENTER to finish text entry
after this the text will be displayed in the active cell as well as in
the formula bar . If user want numbers to be treated as text use
an apostrophe (‘) as the first character .
3. Date andTime : when user enter dates and times , Excel
converts these entries into serial numbers and kept as
background information . However ,the dates and times will be
displayed to you on the worksheet in the desired format.
4. Data in series : the user can fill a range of cells either with the
same value or with a series of value with the help of AutoFill.

More about
MS excel
 User can navigate the worksheet any time they want .
 Enter and edit data in whichever way they want .
 Find and replace data in worksheet
 Insert and delete cells , rows and columns and change their sizes
 User can freeze panes so that they dose not face problem in scrolling
up and down repetitively
 Use page breaks
 Set up the print margins and orientation of page
 Set passwords on our workbook to prevent it from reviewers to
accidentally modify the file

1. Double-click the cell with the text that you want to edit.
2. Highlight the text that you want to change, or type in the text you want to
add.
You can also edit text in a cell using the formula bar.
1. Click the cell that you want to edit.
2. Click on the Formula bar and type in the changes that you want to make.
3. Press Enter to apply the changes, or press Escape (Esc) to cancel editing.

1) Right-click the cell you want to clear.
2) Click Clear Contents.
Or you can do it this way:
1) Click the cell which you want to clear.
2) Click the Clear Tool on the Editing Group. Click Clear All.
• If you click a cell and press Delete or Backspace, Microsoft Excel removes the cell contents but does not remove any
comments or cell formats.
• If you Clear All a cell, Microsoft Excel removes all contents, formats and comments in one click. The value of
cleared cell is 0, and a formula that refers to that cell will receive a value of 0.

I. Click the cell containing the data you want to .copy.
II. Position the mouse pointer at the lower right .corner of the selected cell.
III.When the mouse pointer turns into a cross, drag .the Fill Handle across
the cells you want to fill.

•To manipulate data and to extract useful information from excel worksheets ,
formulas and worksheet functions play very important role .
•In excel , formulas are used to calculate results from the worksheet data .
when there is some change in the data , such formulas automatically calculate
the updated results in no extra efforts on the part of user.
Ch-8

FORMULAS
A formula can have any or all of the following elements :-
Must begin with the ‘equal to ‘(=) sign .
Mathematical operations, such as addition (+) , division . (/) . . …. and logic
operations such as <,> .
References of cell (including named ranges and cells ) .
Text or values .
Functions related to worksheet like SUM or AVERAGE .

SOME BASIC FORMULAS
a. AUTO SUM function – To get the sum of cell values users can use auto sum
to reduce their effort. It is further divided into the following groups :-
I. SUM( ) – Adds the number in a range of cell
II.SUMIF – It adds cells with respective to a given criteria
III.SUMRANGE – these are the actual cells to be added if their . corresponding
range match criteria.

SOME BASIC FORMULAS(CONT.)
B. AVERAGE FUNCUTIONS – It helps you to get the average of the numbers.
C. MIN FUNCTIONS – It helps you to get the minimum of the numbers .
D. MAX FUNCTIONS – It helps you to get the maximum of the numbers .

CHARTS
Column
charts
Line charts Pie charts Bar charts Area charts Scatter
charts
Stock charts Surface
charts
Doughnut
charts
Bubble
charts
Radar
charts
And many
more
Charts allow you to present data into the worksheet in a visual
format using a verity of graphs types like:-

STARTING A POWERPOINT
PROGRAM
WHEN YOU START YOUR POWERPOINT PROGRAM , YOU WILL SEE A BLANK PRESENTATION .
FROM WHICH YOU CAN CREATE A VERITY OF DESIGN TEMPLATES EITHER FROM THE INSTALLED
TEMPLATES OR ONE CAN CREATE THEIR OWN TEMPLATE FROM FORMAT BACKGROUND MENU
FROM WHERE YOU CAN CHOOSE EITHER OF THE FOLLOWING :-
1. SOLID FILL
2. GRADIENT FILL
3. PICTURE OR TEXTURE FILL
4. PATTERN FILL

There are sixteen different layouts from which you can choose what
your slide layout must be , those layouts are :-
1. Title slide
2. Title and content
3. Section header
4. Two content
5. Comparison
6. Title only
7. Blank
8. Content with caption
9. Picture with caption
10.Panoramic picture with caption
11.Title and caption
12.Quote with caption
13.Name card
14.Three column
15.Three picture column
16. 1_title and content

SELECTING THE CONTENT
Thereare varioustypesof elementsyou canselectfrom the contentswithinthe
following :-
1. Table
2. Pictures
3. Screenshot
4. Photo album
5. Shapes
6. Screen recording
7. Smart art
8. Charts
9. Add-ins
10.Link
11. Action
12.Comment
13.Textbox
14.Header & Footer
15.Wordart
16.Date & Time
17. Slide number
18.Object
19.Equation
20.Symbol
21.Video
22.Audio

VIEWING SLIDES
POWERPOINT CONSIST OF MULTIPLE VIEWS TO HELP THE USER IN THE CREATION AND PRESENTATION OF SLIDES :-
1. NORMAL VIEW – It divides the screen into three sections : The main window ; The outline
pane ; and The notes pane . This is where user do most of its work
2. SLIDE SOTER VIEW – A small image of each slide is displayed . Slides can be easily be
and ordered in this view . It can also be used to add special effects
3. SLIDE SHOW VIEW - it is the view to use when you preview your presentation to make
sure every thing is in place , or when you deliver a presentation to the audience. Through
this view one can exactly see how the presentation will turn out.

WORKING WITH TEXT
TO MAKE PRESENTATION LOOK GOOD OR TO COMMUNICATE THE IDEAS TO THE AUDIENCE MORE EASILY ONE
CAN ALSO MODIFY TEXT IN MANY WAYS LIKE :-
1. FONT FACE
2. LINE SPACING
3. UP AND LOW CASE
4. BULLET LIST
5. NUMBERED LIST
6. ADD NOTES
7. USE SPELL CHECK
8. SMARTART

With the help of internet you can :-
→Exchange massage using e-mail
→Transfer files as well as software
→Brows through information on any topic on web.
→Communicate in real time with others connected to internet.
→Search databases of government , induvial and organisations.
→Read news available from leading news group
→And much much more ………………

Types of Internet Connection
a) Dial-up – this is the most common basic type of connection available from ISPs . In dial-up
connection you are not connected to the internet directly.
b) ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network offers Internet connectivity at speeds of up to 128
Kbps through the use of digital phone lines. ISDN is a dial-up service that has been provided
by telephone companies for many years.
c) Leased Connection – It is the secure, dedicated and most expensive, level of Internet
connection. With leased connection, your computer is directly connected to the Internet using
highspeed transmission lines. It is on-line twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.
d) DSL connection – Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a family of technologies that provides digital
data transmission over the wires of a local telephone network. DSL originally stood for digital
subscriber loop.

How dose Internet work ?
• It is a broken into a lot of same sized pieces (called PACKETS) .
• A HEADER is added to each packet that explains where it came from , where it
.should end up and how it fits in with the rest of the packets.
• Each packet is SENT FROM COMPUTER TO COMPUTER until it find its way .to
its destination.
• At the destination , the PACKETS ARE EXAMINED . If there is any packet or
.damaged , a message is sent asking for that packet to be resent . This continues
.until all the packets have been received intact .
• The packets are REASSEMBLED into their original form.

> WorldWideWeb – Also called web or www, it is a collection of information, resources, pictures, sounds, multimedia on
the internet that are linked and connected together.
> DNS – Domain Name System is a large database of domain names and their correspondent Internet
> IPaddress – Internet Protocol address is an unique number used to identify a computer on the Internet.
> FTP– File Transfer Protocol is a method of transferring files between two computers on the Internet. To access, upload
or download information on a server computer , FTP software makes the information access or transfer possible.
> URL– Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on the world wide web.
> Domain Name – Adomain name is a description or representation of a computer's location on the Internet. It is usually
separated by a dot.
> Hypertext – Hypertext is text on a webpage that links to another document or webpage. The hypertext link can be as
small as a letter or word, or as big as all the text on the page.

►Search engine – A search engine is a program designed to help find information stored on a
computer system such as the WWW ,or a PC .
►E-mail – Electronic mail is a paper less method of sending messages , letters ,videos and
graphics from one person to another or many people at the same time via internet
►Telnet – Telnet is a network protocol used on the internet or local area network LAN
connections. The telnet program runs on your computer and connects your PC to a server on
the network .
►FTP – file transfer protocol is a commonly used protocol for exchanging files over any
network that supports the IP . There are two computers involved for FTP namely the host
computer and the client computer.
Internet services

data entry operations for class 12th chapter vise presentation

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