field and services robotics unit 4 field robotics.pptx
- 2. Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) • AMRs move throughout the world and make decisions in near real-time as they go. Technologies such as sensors and cameras help them ingest information about their surroundings. • Onboard processing equipment helps them analyze it and make an informed decision—whether that’s moving to avoid an oncoming worker, picking precisely the right parcel, or selecting an appropriate surface to disinfect. They’re mobile solutions that require limited human input to do their job.
- 3. Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) • While AMRs traverse environments freely, AGVs rely on tracks or predefined paths and often require operator oversight. • These are commonly used to deliver materials and move items in controlled environments such as warehouses and factory floors
- 4. Articulated Robots • Articulated robots (also known as robotic arms) are meant to emulate the functions of a human arm. • Typically, these can feature anywhere from two to 10 rotary joints. • Each additional joint or axis allows for a greater degree of motion—making these ideal for arc welding, material handling, machine tending, and packaging.
- 5. Humanoids • While many mobile humanoid robots may technically fall under the domain of an AMR, the term is used to identify robots that perform human-centric functions and often take human-like forms. • They use many of the same technology components as AMRs to sense, plan, and act as they carry out tasks such as providing directions or offering concierge services
- 6. Cobots • Cabot's are designed to function alongside or directly with humans. While most other types of robots perform their tasks independently, or in strictly isolated work areas, cobots can share spaces with workers to help them accomplish more. • They’re often used to eliminate manual, dangerous, or strenuous tasks from day-to-day workflows. In some cases, cobots can operate by responding to and learning from human movements.
- 7. Hybrids • The various types of robots are often combined to create hybrid solutions that are capable of more complex tasks. • For example, an AMR might be combined with a robotic arm to create a robot for handling packages inside of a warehouse. As more functionality is combined into single solutions, compute capabilities are also consolidated.
- 8. Arial robots • Aerial robots: These are also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ( UAV s). They can fly through the air. Eg: drones, helicopters, etc • It also used in pesticides spraying in the farms where manual work is done on large scale in now a day's etc. • driverless tractors ,sheep shearing robots, Horticulture tasks such as pruning, weeding, spraying and monitoring
- 9. • An aerial robot is a system capable of sustained flight. with no direct human control and able to perform. • A “Drone” is basically an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) – an aircraft without a human pilot aboard. • The different types of drones out there in the market – some of which are just concepts, while most others are already in action. • “Drones” can be classified on a different basis – say based on ‘usage ‘like Drones for Photography, Drones for aerial Mapping, Drones for Surveillance etc. However, the best classification of ‘Drones’ can be made on the basis of aerial platforms.
- 10. 4 MAJOR TYPES OF DRONES • Based on the type of aerial platform used, there are 4 major types of drones. • 1. Multi Rotor Drones • 2. Fixed Wing Drones • 3. Single Rotor Helicopter • 4. Fixed Wing Hybrid VTOL
- 11. Robots for agriculture • Agriculture is the sector that is the basis of human civilization. However, agriculture is also a seasonal sector that is dependent on ideal weather conditions optimal soil, etc. • Moreover, there are many repetitive tasks in agriculture that are just a waste of farmer’s time and can be performed more suitable by robots. • These include seeding, weed control, harvesting, etc. Robots are usually used for harvesting the crops which allow farmers to be more efficient.
- 12. • An example of a robot that is used to remove weeds in farms is the Ecorobotix. • It is powered by solar energy and can be used to target and spray weeds using a complex camera system.
- 13. UNDERWATER ROBOTS • Underwater Exploration: Robots are a great option for exploring places that humans cannot reach easily, like the depths of the ocean! There is a lot of water pressure deep in the ocean which means humans cannot go that down and machines such as submarines can only go to a certain depth as well.
- 14. • A deep underwater is a mysterious place that can finally be explored using specially designed robots. • These robots are remote-controlled, and they can go into depths of the ocean to collect data and images about the aquatic plant and animal life.
- 15. Robots for mining • Mining brings about risk and danger with falling rocks, entrapment, and fire endangering the safety of workers on a regular basis. The industry is changing to become safer and more efficient thanks to the introduction of automated robots. • Robots now assist in drilling and excavation, in the detection of dangerous gases much like the canaries used in coal mines in the early 20th Century, and in the hauling of rock in and out of mines. These autonomous machines protect humans and are essential in areas that are unsafe for people, such as abandoned mines.
- 16. Robots for Monitoring Mining Hazards • Many robots also work on the surface to automate mining operations but are supervised from afar. Some move through the mine taking temperature readings, monitoring rock stability, and other conditions that might affect worker safety. • Others, such as drones or unmanned aerial vehicles, monitor the site for potential rockslides, confirm clearance before blasts, generate maps of site traffic and hazards, and help in the positioning of equipment.
- 17. • Julius is a robot assistant designed by Dr. Bernhard Jung, professor of computer science at Freiberg University of Mining and Technology in Germany. Capable of providing physical strength by carrying heavy equipment, the robot can also aid accurate scanning by holding devices much steadier than the human hand thereby improving readings. • Robotic drill rigs make holes in the rock, which is filled with explosives to break up the rock for excavation. They use GPS, obstacle detection, and advanced auto-drilling to move and dig independently. They can make the process more accurate than human-operated equipment, and are safer and more efficient.
- 18. • Driverless vehicles are becoming increasingly revalent in mining sites, particularly in Western Australia as they undergo testing. Self-driving vehicles use the same technology as other autonomous vehicles. Laser scanners and radar allow them to move about safely and quickly in narrow dusty tunnels. • Driverless trains are also employed for haulage in and out of the site and feature complex onboard computer systems to allow them to drive, stop, and track signals for example. They have been credited with improving safety to their detection systems which act predictably at crossings and follow speed restrictions
- 19. • UX-1 is just one part of a multi-robot platform designed to explore and map abandoned mines, and gather valuable geological, mineralogical, and spatial information that cannot be obtained any other way. It can reduce exploration costs and help Europe to develop a sustainable supply of precious minerals. • It is challenging to design a robot that can undertake such difficult tasks in confined spaces with limited visibility. They must house a wealth of instruments, including acoustic cameras, SONAR, thrusters, laser scanners, a computer, rechargeable batteries, buoyancy control systems, and a protective pressure hull which makes up various subsystems to supply power and propulsion.
- 20. What is the Future of Mining Robots? • As the desire for precious minerals increases, one-day mines may be fully automated, not just on land but in the oceans and even in space. • Massive leaps have been made in automating mining and in the robots that help to keep humans safe, but there is still the potential to improve. • For now, humans and robots must continue to work together as each provides a different skill set. While robots can make a mine safer, more efficient, and provide physical strength, humans are still needed to make key decisions.
- 21. Civilian and military application • Robots also have many applications in the military. They can be used as drones to keep surveillance on the enemy, they can also be used as armed systems to attack the opposing forces or as Medicare agents to help friendly forces.
- 22. • Some of the popular robots used in the Military sector include • MAARS (Modular Advanced Armed Robotic System) which looks like a tank and contains tear gas and lasers to confuse enemies and even grenade launcher for desperate situations. • DOGO is also a tactical combat robot that has a camera for spying on the activities of the enemy and a 9-millimeter pistol for emergency situations!
- 23. CIVILIAN ROBOTs • There are robots that are developed to look exactly like humans for cosmetic purposes. • These robots are primarily used in the field of customer service in high visibility areas to promote robotics.
- 24. • One such example is Nadine, a humanoid robot in Singapore that can recognize people from previous visits, make eye contact, shake hands, continue chatting based on previous meetings, etc. • Another such customer service robot is Junko Chihira in Japan, a humanoid robot working at the tourist information center in Aqua City Odaiba, a shopping center on Tokyo’s waterfront.
- 25. Space application What are robots doing in space? Robots in space are devices which used to aid, augment and substitute for the astronauts to do difficult tasks such as repairs in dangerous environments, and they capture videos and pictures. All space robots are similar, they have the controller, actuators, the sensors, the power supply, and the radio communications.
- 26. • NASA has made various robotic devices to aid, augment, or substitute for astronauts in order to do difficult or rote tasks such as repairs in dangerous environments (such as those with radiation or micrometeorite risks), routine procedures (video capture), etc • Robots by NASA • Robonaut • RASSOR • Spidernaut • ATHLETE • Dextre • SPHERES • Curiosity rover • Pioneer
- 27. • Robonaut is a joint DARPA–NASA project designed to create a humanoid robot which can function as an equivalent to humans during the 1970s and exploration.
- 28. • RASSOR –pronounces "Razor", stands for Regolith Advanced Surface Systems Operations Robot. • It is a lunar robot that will autonomously excavate soil when it is near completion, with its small tank like chassis with a Drum excavator and either side mounted on arms which can help the robot climb over obstacles that may be in its way.
- 29. Importance and uses of robots in space, Robotic spacecraft & Space robots • Robots in space are devices which used to aid, augment and substitute for the astronauts to do difficult tasks such as repairs in dangerous environments, and they capture videos and pictures, • All space robots are similar, they have the controller, actuators, the sensors, the power supply, and the radio communications.
- 30. ROBOTIC SPACECRAFT • Space robots are in all shapes and sizes, they have different functions, they work automatically or by remote control, and they are under development for the International Space Station. • The sensors provide the information about the robot and its environment, and the controller processes the information from the sensors, the ground control provides the radioed instructions, and it sends appropriate command signals to the actuators which convert the command into actions
- 31. • Space probes can explore places that are not accessible to humans, they operate in the vacuum of space, they withstand exposure to the extremes of temperature and radiation, and they can perform programmed tasks over long periods without direct human supervision. • The outer planets such as Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are too distant to reach with the current crewed spaceflight technology, and the telerobotic probes are the only way to explore them. • Telerobotics Servicer helps the astronauts assemble the Space Station that which was growing bigger and more complex with each redesign.
- 32. • Robotic spacecraft is a spacecraft with no humans on board, and they are under telerobotic control, they are designed to make scientific research measurements and is often called space probe. • Many space missions are more suited to telerobotic rather than crewed due to their lower cost and lower risk factors and man can not make research on Jupiter or Venus
- 33. • Robotic spacecraft provide overall mechanical integrity of the spacecraft and it ensures the spacecraft components are supported and can withstand the launch loads. • Robotic spacecraft can collect and report the mission data such as photographic images, it maintains the spacecraft clock, it can collect and report the spacecraft telemetry data such as spacecraft health, and it can command sequence storage.
- 34. • Robots in space have the ability to move and they can manipulate objects plus the flexibility to perform any combination of these tasks autonomously or by remote control. • Robotic spacecraft can perform an action in space such as positioning an instrument to take a measurement, it can collect a sample for examination, it can assemble a structure and it can move around an astronaut. • Although Robots in space are very expensive to design and produce, their loss in space is always better than the loss of astronauts, and they need neither food nor drink