Introduction to History: Definition, Issues, Sources, and Methodology
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The document outlines the course structure and expectations for GECC 102 readings in Philippine History at St. John Paul II College of Davao, emphasizing attendance, participation, and grading criteria. It discusses significant events in Philippine history, the definition and methodologies of history, and the importance of both primary and secondary sources in historical inquiry. Additionally, it addresses the complexities of interpreting historical narratives and the varying perspectives in historiography.
Introduction to History: Definition, Issues, Sources, and Methodology
- 1. Michaelson Jasper P. Duyan, LPT Readings in Philippine History (GECC 102) Readings in Philippine History (GECC 102) ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO ECOLAND DRIVE, MATINA, DAVAO CITY ECOLAND DRIVE, MATINA, DAVAO CITY
- 2. BE PREPARED CELL PHONE POLICY HOUSE RULES : BE ON TIME Be on class at least 10 minutes before class. All your things must be prepared before joining the class. Kindly place your cell phone on silent mode or vibrate mode. ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
- 3. HOUSE RULES : DRESS APPROPRIATELY RAISE YOUR HAND LISTEN ATTENTIVELY Wear something comfortable but presentable. Raise your hand when you have questions and/or clarifications. Especially when the Teacher is discussing. ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
- 4. ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
- 5. 55% EXAM 5% ATTENDANCE 15% ACTIVITIES 25% QUIZ GRADING SYSTEM ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO ECOLAND DRIVE, MATINA, DAVAO CITY ECOLAND DRIVE, MATINA, DAVAO CITY 100 %
- 6. "Those who cannot remember "Those who cannot remember "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to the past are condemned to the past are condemned to repeat it." repeat it." repeat it." - George Santayana GECC 102
- 7. GECC 102
- 8. GECC 102 It was personally conceived by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in 1897, President of the Revolutionary Government, and sewn by Mrs. Marcela Marino Agoncillo - wife of the first Filipino diplomat Felipe Agoncillo, with the help of her daughter Lorenza and Mrs. Delfina Herbosa Natividad
- 9. GECC 102
- 10. GECC 102 On February 17, 1872, the GOMBURZA priests were executed due to the false accusations of treason and sedition, for taking a supposed active role in the Cavite Mutiny. They were later sentenced to death by garrote in a military court at Bagumbayan field.
- 11. GECC 102
- 12. GECC 102 Jose Rizal was executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896, in Bagumbayan Field in Manila for his role in the Philippine Revolution. In the days leading up to his execution, Rizal wrote his last poem "Mi Ultimo Adios" and letters to his family.
- 13. Drawing Significant Events in Philippine History PRE-ACTIVITY GECC 102
- 14. General Instruction ACTIVITY #1 To engage students in understanding and expressing significant events in Philippine history through creative drawing, enhancing their connection to historical events and figures. GECC 102
- 15. GECC 102 (CHAPTER 1) INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY: DEFINITION, ISSUES, SOURCES, AND METHODOLOGY Lesson Outcomes: By the end of Chapter 1, students will be able to define history and explain its significance, identify key issues and debates within the study of history, distinguish between different types of historical sources (primary and secondary), and understand and apply basic historical methodologies for analyzing and interpreting historical events and sources.
- 16. (Chapter 1) (Chapter 1) (Chapter 1) Introduction to History: Definition, Issues, Sources, and Methodology Introduction to History: Definition, Issues, Sources, and Methodology Introduction to History: Definition, Issues, Sources, and Methodology GECC 102 Definition and Subject Matter 1. Questions and Issues In History 2. History and the Historian 3. Historical Sources 4.
- 18. GECC 102 History was derived from the Greek word HISTORIA which means "knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation." Definition and Subject Matter Definition and Subject Matter
- 19. GECC 102 History as a discipline existed for around 2,400 years and is as old as mathematics and philosophy. This term was then adapted to classical Latin where it acquired a new definition. Historia became, known as the account of the past of a person or of a group of people through written documents and historical evidence. That meaning stuck until the early parts of the twentieth century. Definition and Subject Matter Definition and Subject Matter
- 20. GECC 102 Is a drama landscape where characters have been traditionally subscribed to a patriarchal way of thinking, and where women - especially women in sageuks - have often been relegated to being pushed around by men who believe they know better, Rookie Historian stands out for daring not only to present a different perspective.
- 21. GECC 102 As with any other academic discipline, history progressed and opened up to the possibility of valid historical sources, which were not limited to written documents, like government records, chroniclers' accounts, or personal letters. Giving a premium to written documents essentially invalidates the history of other civilizations that do not keep written records. Some were keener on passing their history by word of mouth. Definition and Subject Matter Definition and Subject Matter
- 22. GECC 102 Why do you think there is a lack of historical documents about the early history of the Philippines?
- 23. GECC 102 Others had their historical documents burned or destroyed in the events of war or colonization. Restricting historical evidence as exclusively written is also discrimination against other social classes who were not recorded on paper. Nobilities, monarchs, the elite, and even the nuddle class would have their birth, education, marriage, and death as matters of government and historical record. Definition and Subject Matter Definition and Subject Matter
- 24. GECC 102 This loophole was recognized by historians who started using other kinds of historical sources, which may not be in written form but were just as valid. A few of these examples are oral traditions in the form of epics and songs, artifacts, architecture, and memory. Definition and Subject Matter Definition and Subject Matter
- 27. GECC 102 ARTIFACTS Lantaka - Bronze cannons used during the Spanish colonization, showcasing the technological advancements and military capabilities of early Filipino communities. Doctrina Christiana - The first book printed in the Philippines, published in 1593. It served as a catechism for Christian converts and is an important artifact in the study of Filipino religious history.
- 28. GECC 102 ARCHITECTURES Ifugao Rice Terraces - While not a building, these terraces are a remarkable example of pre-colonial engineering and agricultural architecture, built over 2,000 years ago by the Ifugao people Torogan - The traditional house of the Maranao people in Mindanao, characterized by its elaborate carvings and panolong (decorative beam ends).
- 29. GECC 102 Questions and Issues In History Questions and Issues In History
- 30. GECC 102 History as a discipline has already turned into a complex and dynamic inquiry. This dynamism inevitably produced various perspectives on the discipline regarding different questions like: What is history? Why study history? & History for whom? These questions can be answered by historiography. Questions and Issues In History Questions and Issues In History
- 31. GECC 102 Unsay historiography, Sir? ug unsay kalahian niya sa History?
- 32. GECC 102 History is the event or period and the study of it. Historiography is the study of how history was written, who wrote it, and what factors influenced how it was written. Questions and Issues In History Questions and Issues In History
- 33. GECC 102 Questions and Issues In History Questions and Issues In History
- 34. GECC 102 Questions and Issues In History Questions and Issues In History History has played various roles in the past. States use history to unite a nation. It can be used as a tool to legitimize regimes and forge a sense of collective identity through collective memory. Lessons from the past can be used to make sense of the present. Learning of past mistakes can help people to not repeat them. Being reminded of a great past can inspire people to keep their good practices to move forward.
- 35. GECC 102 SCHOOL OF THOUGHTS Positivisim Postcolonialism
- 36. GECC 102 POSITIVISIM Is the school of thought that emerged between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This thought requires empirical and observable evidence before one can claim that a particular knowledge is true. Positivism also entails an objective means of arriving at a conclusion. In the discipline of history, the mantra "no document, no history'' stems from this very same truth, where historians were required to show written primary documents in order to write a particular historical narrative. Positivist historians are also expected to be objective and impartial not just in their arguments but also in their conduct of historical research.
- 37. GECC 102 Is a school of thought that emerged in the early twentieth century when formerly colonized nations grappled with the idea of creating their identities and understanding their societies against the shadows of their colonial past. The postcolonial story looks at two things in writing history: first is to tell the history of their nation that will highlight their identity free from that of colonial discourse and knowledge, and second is to criticize the methods, effects, and ideas of colonialism. Postcolonial history is therefore a reaction and an alternative to the colonial history that colonial powers created and taught to their subjects. POSTCOLONIALISM
- 38. GECC 102 History and the Historian History and the Historian
- 39. GECC 102 History and the Historian History and the Historian it is the historian's job to seek historical evidence and facts and interpret these facts "Facts cannot speak for themselves." It is the job of the historian to give meaning to these facts and organize them into a timeline, establish causes, and write history. Meanwhile, the historian is not a blank paper who mechanically interprets and analyzes present historical facts.
- 40. GECC 102 Famous Historians Famous Historians
- 41. GECC 102 Famous Filipino Historian Famous Filipino Historian
- 42. GECC 102 History and the Historian History and the Historian Historical claims made by historians and the arguments that they forward in their historical writings, while maybe influenced by the historian's inclinations, can still be validated by using reliable evidence and employing correct and meticulous historical methodology.
- 43. GECC 102 The Annales School of History is a school of history born in France that challenged the canons of history. This school of thought did away with the common historical, subjects that were almost always related to the conduct of states and monarchs.
- 44. GECC 102 “Annales thinkers married history with other disciplines like geography, anthropology, archaeology, and linguistics.”
- 45. GECC 102 Historical Sources Historical Sources
- 46. GECC 102 Historical Sources Historical Sources With the past as history's subject matter, the historian's most important research tools are historical sources. In general, historical sources can be classified between Primary and Secondary Sources. The classification of sources between these two categories depends on the historical subject being read in Philippine History studied.
- 47. GECC 102 PRIMARY SOURCES PRIMARY SOURCES Are those sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied.
- 48. GECC 102 PRIMARY SOURCES PRIMARY SOURCES Ex: (Commonwealth 1935) Minutes Newspaper clippings Records Photographs Eyewitness (es)
- 49. GECC 102 SECONDARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES are those sources, which were produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material. In other words, secondary sources are historical sources, which study a certain historical subject.
- 50. GECC 102 "Ex: (Phil. Revolution 1935) Teodoro Agoncillo's Revolt of the Masses 1956 SECONDARY SOURCES SECONDARY SOURCES
- 51. GECC 102 Historical Sources Historical Sources Both primary and secondary sources are useful in writing and learning history. However, historians and students of history need to thoroughly scrutinize these historical sources to avoid deception and to come up with the historical truth. The historian should be able to conduct an External and Internal criticism of the source, especially primary sources which can age in centuries.
- 52. GECC 102 External Criticism External Criticism Internal Criticism Internal Criticism - is the practice of verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics; consistency with the historical characteristic of the time when it was produced; and the materials used for the evidence. - on the other hand, is the examination of the truthfulness of the evidence. It looks at the content of the source and examines the circumstances of its production. Internal criticism looks at the truthfulness and factuality of the evidence by looking at the author of the source, its context, the agenda behind its creation, the knowledge that informed it, and its intended purpose, among others.
- 53. GECC 102 Conclusion Conclusion The task of the historian is to look at the available historical sources and select the most relevant and meaningful for history and for the subject matter that he is studying.
- 54. GECC 102 Conclusion Conclusion History, like another academic discipline, has come a long way but still has a lot of remaining tasks to do.
- 55. GECC 102 Conclusion Conclusion It does not claim to render absolute and exact judgment because as long as questions are continuously asked, and as long as time unfolds, the study of history can never be complete.
- 56. REFERENCE: John Lee P. Candelaria, Veronica C. Alporha (2018) Readings in Philippine History TLE 100
- 57. Thank You for your participation GECC 102