IRJET-mart Trash Can Monitoring System using IoT - Creating Solutions for Smart Cities

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 238
Smart Trash Can Monitoring System using IoT - Creating Solutions for
Smart Cities
Sunil Raj Thota1, S. Neelima2, K. V. N. Lalitha Pruthvi3, K. Mounika4, M. Pravallika5,
Mrs. N. Sowmya, Asst. Prof, 6
1,2,3,4,5 Students of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College for
Degree and PG Courses School of Engineering Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
6 Professor of Electronics and Communication Engineering Gayatri Vidya Parishad College for Degree and PG
Courses School of Engineering Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Abstract: In today’s world, the trash cans placed in the
cities are jam-packed due to the increase in the waste. A lot of
stinking and sewage problems causes bad hygienic conditions
and leads to deadly diseases & human illness. To avoid these,
we have designed a “Smart Trash Can Monitoring System”
where it can overcome this in an innovative and efficient way.
This idea can be implemented for Smart Buildings, Cities,
Colleges, Hospitals, Public spots and Bus stands. Each trash
can contain a smart device for level detection of the trash can
which transmits the garbage/trash level with its token ID,
accessed by the concerned municipal/regional authorities
through the mobile app, so that they can take immediate
actions to clean the trash can once it gets filled. The device
consists of an Ultra Sonic Sensor, Arduino Uno, GPS and Wi-Fi
module.
Keywords: Smart Trash Can, Efficient, Smart Cities,Level
Detection, Arduino Uno, GPS, Ultrasonic Sensor, Wi-Fi
Module
1. INTRODUCTION
The devices which are interconnected and controlled via
internet is called as Internet of Things (IoT). In this project,
the [7] Smart Trash Cans are connected to the internet to
provide the real time information. In the recent years, there
wasa rapid growth in population which leadsto morewaste
disposal. So, a proper waste management system is
necessary to avoid spreading many diseases by managing
and monitoring the smart trash cans. [1] There are multiple
trashcans in the city and are interfaced with a smart device
consists of Arduino Uno micro controller-based systemwith
Ultrasonic Sensors, GPS and Wi-Fi modules. [8] The
Ultrasonic sensor detects the level of the waste in trashcan
and sends the signals to Arduino through Wi-Fi Module
(NodeMCU ESP8266) with precise location. The data is sent
to the user [2] through a mobile app with the helpofinternet
connectivity. A message or alert is sent as notification that
the trash can is almost full so that the concerned
municipality authoritiescan call for an action and empty the
trashcan.
Major problems caused in the cities are:
1. Vehicle fuel consumption
2. Overflowing bins which create unclean city
3. Many pests, rodents and animals which makes
unhealthy surroundings
4. Manual monitoring
5. Increase in operational costs
Smart solutions to these issues are:
1. Garbage level monitoring
2. Providing optimal routes which help in reducing
collections
3. Location based real time solutions through continuous
tracking
4. Efficient waste controlling for municipal wellbeing
5. Urbanized & Organized living
6. Instant alerts
7. Automatic collection of data
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this, we are going to make a Smart Trash Can Monitoring
System which detects the level of trash can and states
whether it is empty or full through the mobile app and we
can get to know the status of the ‘Smart Trash Can’ from
anywhere in the world via Internet. It is useful and can be
fixed in the trash cans at public places, smart citiesandother
spots. We are using micro controllers and sensors to reduce
the cost and to make it as an efficient device. To monitor the
trash cans, the sensors are attached to trash can todetectthe
level. The system consists of sensor circuitry used for
monitoring the smart trash can. The sensors used are
Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino Uno,GPSandNodeMCUESp8266
Wi-Fi module.

Fig -1: Basic Block Diagram
2.1. Arduino Uno
It’s a single-board microcontroller, designed to make the
application of interactive objects or environments more
accessible. Sense the environment by receiving input from
variety of sensors. Can be programmed with the Arduino
software IDE. [5] The Atmega328 on the Arduino Unocomes
preburned with a bootloader that allows us to upload new
code to it, without the use of an external hardware
programmer. The microcontroller can also be programmed
through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header. It
works on Windows, Linux as well as Mac platforms.
2.2. Ultrasonic Sensor
The ultrasonic sensor is used to measure the distance to an
obstacle. We measure the time which it takes to signal to
come back. An ultrasonic sensor has two mesh holes one
part is for sending the sound out and the other one is
microphone, which can measure the sound again. One of the
advantages of ultrasonic sensing is itsoutstandingcapability
to sense deep details without any disturbance. Ultrasound
can propagate through any kinds of media including solids,
liquids and gases except vacuum. Time taken by pulse is
for to and fro travel of ultrasonic signals, while we needonly
half of this.
Therefore, time is taken as time/2. Distance = Speed *
Time/2
2.3. GPS Module
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based
navigation system made up of at least 24 satellites. GPS
worksin any weather conditions, anywhere in the world,24
hours a day. GPS receivers use this information and
trilateration to calculate a user's exact location. GPS
satellites transmit at least 2 low-power radio signals. The
signals travel by line of sight, meaning they willpassthrough
clouds, glass and plastic but will not go through most solid
objects, such as buildingsand mountains. However,modern
receivers are more sensitive and can usually track through
houses.
2.4. NodeMCU ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
NodeMCU is an eLua based firmwareforthe [6]ESP8266Wi-
Fi SOC from Espressif. The NodeMCU firmware is a
companion project to the popular NodeMCU dev kits, ready-
made open source development boards with ESP8266-12E
chips. It’s a SOC with integrated MQTT protocol stack that
can give any microcontroller access to the Wi-Fi network.
The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or
offloading all Wi- Fi networking functions from another
application processor.
Fig -2: Circuit Diagram
3. Working Principle
The Block diagram shows the arrangement of different
components used in the Smart trash can system. [4]
Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino Uno, Power Supply, NodeMCU
Wi-Fi module- ESP8266 for connecting to internet. The
project module is divided into two parts sensor section and
NodeMCU Wi-Fi module ESP8266 section. Sensors are
attached to the trash can. Sensorsare used to detectthelevel
in the trashcan whether the it is full or empty. The sensor
senses the content of the trash can and sends the signals or
the data to the Arduino. Wi-Fi Module [3] helps us to send
the information of the trash can at the receiver side through
internet. In this project the ultrasonic sensor will send the
distance to NodeMCU Wi-Fi Module ESP8266 and if the
distance is less than threshold values it will send an alert
message or notification to the concerned authorities or
users.

Fig -3: Flow Chart
Algorithm
Step1: Start
Step 2: Initialize Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor, GPS Sensor
Step 3: Measure the level of the Trash can
Step 4: i.) If distance > 125cm, indicate as Level 0% then go
to Step 5 else ii
ii.) If distance > 100cm, indicate asLevel20%thengo
to Step 5 else iii
iii.) If distance > 75cm, indicate asLevel 50% then go
to Step 5 else iv
iv.) If distance > 25cm, indicate as Level > 75% then
go to Step 5 else v
v.) If distance > 10cm, indicate as Level > 90% then
go to Step 5
Step 5: Send the level information to the control room
Step 6: Control room sends the message to the driver
Step 7: Driver loads the vehicle with the trash can it is
emptied
Step 8: Stop
4. Output Results
Fig -3: Notification Alert Fig -4: Trash Can Setup
Fig -5: Location Detection Fig -6: Prototype Setup
Fig -7: Level & Location Detection

5. ER Diagram
An entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows the
relationships of entity sets stored in a database. An entity in
this context is a component of data. In other words, ER
diagrams illustrate the logical structure of databases.Atfirst
glance an entity relationship diagram looks very much like
a flowchart. It is the specialized symbols, and the meanings
of those symbols, that make it unique. In ER Model, we
disintegrate data into entities, attributes and setup
relationships between entities, all this can be represented
visually using the ER diagram. It’s interlinked with the
Driver, Authority, Vehicle, Trash Can and User.
Fig -8: Entity Relationship Diagram
6. Applications
 Providing free Wi-Fi for smart citizens after
dumping the trash in the can.
 Compressing the waste inside the bin.
 Providing optimal routes which help in reducing
collections
 Location based real time solutions through
continuous tracking.
 Smart bins powered by solar energy.
 Providing free money depending on the weight of
garbage/ waste.
 To stop beach erosions by Crushing & Converting
glass bottles into sand near beaches.
 Efficient waste controlling for municipal wellbeing
 Instant alerts and automatic collection of data.
Conclusion
With the rapid urbanization growth, the scenarioaroundthe
world hasbeen changed, asmore number of peopledesireto
livein the city lights with more opportunitiesforgrowthand
success. Smart cities came into action to accommodate this
growth in an effective way. The key parameter indicators
likecleanliness and hygiene are the topic of concern in these
smart cities. Also, the growth should go hand in hand with
the green environment and research should be further done
on such technologies to cope up with the future needs. Our
work is small but efficient step towards cleanliness and
belief is that this project would encourage people to do
efficient work on the associated topics. This project is a new
solution and is developed to enhance the waste monitoring
management system.
Acknowledgement
This research was supported by Mrs. N. Sowmya, Asst. Prof.,
B.Tech., M.Tech. We thank our madam, friends from Gayatri
Vidya Parishad College for Degree and PG Courses School of
Engineering who provided instigation, insight, zeal and
expertise towardsSmart Trash Can project to supportSmart
Cities initiation that greatly assisted the research to do with
interests. We would also like to show our gratitude towards
all the sources that helped us in any manner.
References
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[7] Lilyan Anthony, PradnyaChavan, Astrid Ferreira,
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