IRJET- Smart Solid and Liquid Waste Management System using Wireless Technology

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5259
SMART SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
USING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
A. Riyas1, S. Saranraj2, E. Poovarasan3, Prof. M. Vasantha Kumar4
1,2,3UG Scholar, Department of ECE, AVS Engineering College, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
4Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, AVS Engineering College, Salem, Tamilnadu, India
-------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - An embedded system is a computer system with a
dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical
system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is
embedded as part of a complete device often including
hardware and mechanical parts. Thistriggerstheideaofreuse
and recycling of waste water. This paper presents the need for
waste water treatment and also gives the brief description of
various stages of waste water treatment. The waste water
treatment plan works optimally only under certain
parameters. A smart city is incompletewithoutaSmartWaste
Management System and in thispaperwehavepresentedand
Integrated Platform for Waste Managementwheresmartbins
are equipped with a network of sensors and they transmitreal
time data indicating the fill percentage of the bin. Depending
on the status of the bin route optimization can be performed
which indeed increases efficiency of fuel and time. A common
standard class of dedicated processors is the digital signal
processor. In this project present the medical waste
management system that identifies fullness of wastage. The
system is designed to collect data and to deliver the data
through wireless mesh network. Through the test bed, we
collected data and applied sense-making methods to obtain
litter bin utilization and litter bin daily seasonality
information. With such information, wastagesystemproviders
and cleaning contractors are able to make better decision to
increase productivity. The ultimatemotivebehindthispaperis
to encourage and inspire people to do furtherresearchrelated
to Smart Waste Management. The waste waterandprovidesa
solution for automation of the waste water treatment plant.
Key Words: Arduino Mega, RFID, IR Sensor, Ultrasonic
Sensor, Water Sensor, GAS Sensor, LED, GSM modem, UART,
Buzzer.
1. INTRODUCTION
A Smart City is a city development to manage multiple
information and communicationtechnology(ICT)inorderto
make a solution for any problem in the city. Smart city
includes much information such as, local department
information system, schools, libraries, transportation
system, hospital, power plants, law, traffic system, waste
management, and others city services. The goal of a smart
city is to improve an efficiency of services and connect all
information into one system. Nowadays,developmentofICT
especially internet of things (IoT) allow the city to be
developed into a smart city. The aforementioned concept is
being realized through the use of real-time systems and
sensors, where (a) data are collected from citizens and
objects (things), then (b) processed in real-time and finally
(c) the gathered information and related extracted
knowledge are becoming the keys to tackling inefficiency.
In this context, waste management involves
numerous waste bins that exhibit significant filling
variations (over days and seasons or location) and diverse
requirements for emptying, from sporadic (a few times
within a week) to very frequent (several times a day).Onthe
other hand, other waste forms (i.e. agricultural, biomedical,
chemical, electronic, mineral, organic/inorganic, and
radioactive, etc.) are characterized by specific collection
points, uniform and predictable production, and equal,
usually long, filling periods. The detection of the fill-level for
urban solid-waste-bins presents many difficulties dueto the
various irregularities of the waste-binfillingprocess,suchas
the irregular shape and the variety of theincludedmaterials.
Efficient data aggregation from a largenumberofbins,asthe
harsh environmental conditions(e.g.,humidity,temperature,
and dust) can significantly affect the sensor measurement
accuracy and reliability, while on the other hand these
conditions constitute parameters that one should also take
into account for a holistic waste management process.
2. EXISTING SYSTEM
Traditionally, wastage bins are emptied at certain intervals
by cleaners. This method has several drawbacks such as
some wastage bins fill up much faster than the rate of
emptying and they are full beforethenextscheduledtime for
collection. There arespecial periods(e.g.festivals,weekends,
and public holidays) when certain wastage bins fill up very
quickly and there is a need for increased collectionintervals.
This leads to overflowing of rubbish bin and poses hygiene
risks. It is a challenge to maintain a clean city. It involves
several factors such as different stakeholders, financial /
economical, collection & transport, etc.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Figure 1: Block Diagram
A sensor node is installed in every Smart bin. It
senses bin fullness and report readings and sensor statuses
by using GSM Module. The bin IR which is used to detect the
object nearby to the smart bin. The ultrasonic sensor used
fullness of the smart bin. Whenever liquid waste falls occurs
the smart bin will detected Gas sensor will detect hazardous
gases on the dustbin due to some chemical waste and bio-
waste. The GSM will be used to update the status of the bin
whether is full or not through internet. The buzzer which
gives alert when abnormal activity from the smart bin. The
bin is full means red led will glow and green led will glow
when bin is not full. The Information will be maintained via
wireless application.
4. HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
4.1 Arduino Mega Microcontroller
The Arduino Mega 2560 is a microcontroller boardbased on
the ATmega2560 (datasheet). It has 54 digital input/output
pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analogy
inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal
oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header,
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support
the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to
get started. The Mega is compatible with most shields
designed for the Arduino Duemilanove or Diecimila.
Figure 2: Arduino Mega Microcontroller
4.2 IR Sensor
An infrared sensor is an electronic device that emitsinorder
to sense some aspects of the surroundings. An IR sensor can
measure the heat of an object as well as detects the motion.
This sensor is analogous to human’s visionary senses,which
can be used to detect obstacles and it is one the common
applications in real time.
Figure 3: IR Sensor
4.3 RFID tag and reader
Radio frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic
fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to
objects. The tags contain electronically stored information.
Passive tags collect energy from a nearby RFID reader’s
interrogating radio waves. Active tags have a local power
source (such as a battery) and may operate hundreds of
meters from the RFID reader.

Figure 4: RFID tag and reader
4.4 HC-SR04 ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Ultrasonic transmitter emitted an ultrasonic wave in one
direction, and started timing when it launched. Ultrasonic
spread in the air. At last, the ultrasonic receiver would stop
timing when it received the reflected wave. The principle of
ultrasonic distance measurement used the already-known
air spreading velocity, measuring the time from launch to
reflection when it encountered obstacle, and then calculate
the distance between the transmitter and the obstacle
according to the time and the velocity.
Figure 5: Ultrasonic Sensor
4.5 GAS Sensor
GAS sensor is a chemical optical sensor utilizing the acidic
nature of GAS for detection. It consists of a gas-permeable
membrane in which a pH-sensitive luminescence dye is
immobilized together with a buffer and an inert reference
luminescent dye. GAS permeating into the membrane
changes the internal pH of the buffer. With this changes the
luminescence of the pH-sensitive dye. Together with the
inert reference dye internal referencing is made for
detection of the luminescence lifetime of the sensor. The
measurement signal detected by the pGAS minicorrelatesto
the partial pressure of GAS ambient.
Figure 6: GAS Sensor
4.6 UART
The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
controller is the key component of the serial
communications subsystem of a computer. UART is also a
common integrated feature in most microcontrollers. The
UART takes bytes of data and transmits the individual bitsin
a sequential fashion. At the destination, a second UART re-
assembles the bits into complete bytes.
Figure 7: UART
4.7 GSM MODEM
The GSM Modem can accept any GSM network operator SIM
card and act just like a mobile phone with its own unique
phone number. Advantage of using this modem will be that
you can use its RS232 port to communicate and develop
embedded applications. Applications like SMS Control, data
transfer, remote control and loggingcanbedeveloped easily.
The modem can either be connectedtoPCserial portdirectly
or to any microcontroller. It can be used to send and receive
SMS or make/receive voice calls. It can also be used in GPRS
mode to connect to internet and do many applications for
data logging and control. This GSM modem is a highly
flexible plug and play quad band GSM modem for direct and
easy integration to RS232 application.

Figure 8: GSM Modem
4.8 Water Sensor
Water level detection sensor works on the basic principle of
conduction through the water. It can be used for water level
detection, rainfall detection, water leakage detection, etc.
The sensor has been divided into two parts, a sensing
module also known as brick and a circuit module.
Figure 9: Water Sensor
4.9 LED
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are the most widely used
semiconductor diodes among all the different types of
semiconductor diodes available today. Light emittingdiodes
emit either visible light or invisible infrared light when
forward biased. The LEDs which emit invisible infraredlight
are used for remote controls. A light Emitting Diode (LED)is
an optical semiconductor device that emits light when
voltage is applied. In other words, LED is an optical
semiconductor device that converts electrical energy into
light energy.
Figure 10: LED
5. CONCLUSION
In this project we have developed the model of Smart solid
and liquid waste management system using wireless
technology with the help ofARDUINOMEGAmicrocontroller
connected to it. Moreover thatwastemanagementisanother
sector need to be maintained properly. So monitoring the
use of sensors. It’s a possible way to monitor and clean the
dustbin and more efficient system than the current existing.
The watages bin worked smartly as expected. The solid and
liquid are connected to UART is transfer to the GSM module
to execute the message for control unit. Than cleaning the
wastages are cleaners need to take. Than providing a smart
technology for waste management system, by this reducing
human time and effort. This system has a lot of advantages
such as simple structure, low power consumption, low cost
and stable and healthy environment system to design the
wastage bins. The designed system is very portable so as to
make it easy to access, configure, run andmaintain.Bysmart
waste management system biggest challenges of waste
management security for smart cities can be solved.
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BIOGRAPHIES
Mr. A. Riyas
Pursuing B.E in Electronics and
Communication Engineering final year
from AVS Engineering College, Salem
(DT), Tamil Nadu, India.
Mr. S. Saranraj
Mr. E. Poovarasan
Prof. Mr. M. Vasantha Kumar ME,
MBA,
Assistant Professor in Department of
ECE. Completed M.E VLSI DESIGN in
AVS Engineering College. Interested in
Radiation theory, RF lines and wireless
Technology. Published more than 10
international journals.

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