IRJET- Smart Dustbin using GPS Tracking

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 06 | June 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 165
Smart Dustbin using GPS Tracking
Sonali Joshi1, Uttkarsh Kumar Singh2, Sahil Yadav3
1Scholars, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-603203
2,3Sholars, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India-603203
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Abstract -One of the major concerns with the environment
is solid waste management which impacts the health and
surroundings of society. The handling, disposal and
management of waste is one of the primary difficultiesweface
today. The usual way of manually managing the waste bins is
a complicated process and requires more human effort, time
and cost which can easily be eliminated with the present
technologies. Thus we aim to provide an effective and
economical waste management system hence providing a
clean, healthy and green environment. Within the scope of the
project we develop three subsystems: smart waste bin and
real-time monitoring system that are interconnected to
perform as an efficient waste management system that yields
to a green and healthy living environment. We aim to design
and develop the project, in the most efficientmannertogetthe
best possible outcomes. Technically, we will be using
technologies such as IOT, web development, data analysis,
networking involving cloud. We will be deciding various
different phases related to the planning, designing, building,
testing and getting real life feedback on the project work and
hence tend to make a better system that contributes to fulfil
the needs of the target audience. Summing up all, we are
helping the community for a cleaner environment. We hereby
are involving few technologies around us which have never
been used this way for a better tomorrow.
Key Words: GPS module, dustbin, IoT, NodeMCU,
ultrasonic sensor
1.INTRODUCTION
Solid waste management and cleanliness area risingissuein
today’s time. It is important to find a feasible solution to this
problem as it has adverse effects on the health of the living
beings and the environment. It is not a location based
problem, it is something we see every day and everywhere
but don’t do anything about it. There are many solutions to
this problem and it is important that we implementthem for
the betterment of the world. Thisproblem will neverhave an
ideal solution but it is important that we try our besttosolve
this issue. We will be revisiting different technologies and
will integrate them all together to make a more smart,
feasible and efficient solution.
“Cleanliness is an important issue and should be taken as
the foremost responsibility by everyone”. In this world of
environmental issues, people are getting more aware about
the issue at hand. Convectional waste management systems
which are currently employed in India have static routesand
schedules where garbage from containers are collected on
fixed schedules, regardless if they are full or not. This type of
situation is often seen at dustbins with no covers and no
hygiene control with improper collection methods by the
collectors. This severely affects the health and hygiene of the
people. Secondly most of the times people end-up disposing
garbage on open streets,whichaffectshygieneofcommunity.
Many a times, even if the dustbin is not full, it starts stinking
resulting in an extremely rotten smell. This is mainly due to
the wet waste present in the dustbin. If the dustbin is not
addressed until it is filled, this stinking smell may last for
many days and this may severely affect the health of the
people who pass by and who live nearby.
2. LITERAUTRE REVIEW
Many problems with respect to cleanliness are taking place
in many countries and many different technologies have
been introduced for handling solid waste management
system. The authors in [1] have used ultrasonic sensors to
measure the level of the waste in the dustbin which uses the
Arduino Mega microcontroller. The use of PIR sensor is
according to the closing and the opening of the lid of the bin.
A LCD screen is connected to the bin which informs whether
motion is detected or not. Their module is powered by solar
energy. The model uses a Wi-Fi module (ESP8266) which
sends data to a web server which is developed by the
authors using Bootstrap. The data sent is sent with a
timestamp by the RTC module which also provides the user
with the location of the bin (latitude and longitude) by the
use of a GSM module. The drawback of this model is that to
see the values of waste on particular days or timings, one
needs to open the server or check the database and also
requires a separate Wi-Fi module to connect to the internet.
The proposed model attempts to provide the values on a
mobile app and by using the board NodeMCU, we reduce the
need of the Wi-Fi module.
The researchers in [2] used an ultrasonic sensor connected
to the NodeMCU which gives the level of the waste inthebin.
Their model uses a PIR sensor which detects any motion
near it. A buzzer is connected to the model which buzzes as
soon as the ultrasonic sensor gives a reading for the level of
the waste or if any movement is detected. A moisture sensor
is connected to the bin which gives the output of moisture in
the waste. All these values are sent to Thingspeak cloud and
Virtuino app. The drawback with this model is that there is
no cloud security. The model we propose attempts to use a
different cloud and a self-developed app whichensurestotal
security in the model.

“SMART GARBAGE MONITORING SYSTEM USING SENSORS
WITH RFID OVER INTERNET OF THINGS” developed by [3]
use RFID scanners which give us the individual ID’s of the
dustbins which can direct us to the location of the dustbin. A
photoelectric sensor is used to detect if there are any metal
items going in the waste and a weight sensor is used to keep
track of how much the dustbin can hold before it reaches a
threshold. The IR sensor connects to a local base station
which can monitor the bin status. The dustbin, if reaches the
threshold level, makes a noise and send the status to the
station. The disadvantage of this model is that an individual
IR sensor is required to create a base station and the noise
made by the sensors in the bin will lead to disturbanceinthe
environment. The model we propose attempts to send
notifications to the authorities directly without disrupting
the peace and quiet of the environment.
The solutions created for managementofwastefacesitsown
difficulties. The solution proposed by [4] suggest the use of
only a GSM module and an ultrasonic sensor which send the
status of the bin directly to the registered number. Though
there is a reduction in number of sensors, a disadvantage of
this model is the number of contacts and the limited number
of messages or calls depending on the SIM plans. The model
proposed in this paper makes it easy for authorized and
registered members to monitor the status of the bin.
Some researchers [5] and [6] make use of the IR sensor to
make the dustbin even smarter by monitoring the waste
scattered outside the dustbin. The analysis and monitoring
by the system can reduce the human effort in cleaning the
areas daily and helps in making the world a cleaner place.
3. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Before you begin to understand the working of the
project, weneed to know the requirements oftheprojectand
the tools used.
3.1 Hardware Requirements
The hardware setup which will be installed on the lid of
every dustbin will consist of a NodeMCU, Ultrasonic sensor,
GPS Module and connecting wires.
 NodeMCU - NodeMCU is one of the most used open
source IoT platform.It is an integration of firmware
which runs on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi SystemOnChip
(SoC) and hardware which is based on the ESP-12
module which allows you toaccessmanyfeaturesof
the ESP8266. This module has been used in our
project as a microcontroller for connection to the
Wi-Fi and for powering and retrieving values from
other components such as the GPS module and the
Ultrasonic Sensor. The model used in this proposal
is NodeMCU 1.0 (ESP-12E).
 Ultrasonic Sensor - Ultrasonic sensor is used in this
project to measure the amount of garbage present
in the dustbin at any point of time. This function is
performed by the ultrasonic sensor by measuring
time between emission and reception of the
ultrasonic waves and then calculating the distance
using speed-distance-time formula. It provides a
digital output to the NodeMCU with a 5V battery
input. The model used in this proposal is HC-SR04.
 GPS module - GPS (Global Positioning System) is a
module which uses satellites and groundstationsto
measure and find its position or location on the
Earth. This module provides us with latitude and
longitue values. The model used in this proposal is
Neo 6m.
Apart from these threehardwaremodules,jumperwires will
be used to connect these components with each other. Anda
power source such as a battery or solar powered systemcan
be used in later phases of the project for saving energy.
3.2 Software Requirements
Arduino IDE, XAMPP and PHP and Google’s Firebase
cloud are the three main software components
required by the project.
 Arduino IDE - It is used to generate thecodesforthe
project and is used to upload the code on the
microcontroller unit for implementation and
testing.
 Firebase - The cloud server we have used in our
proposal is Firebase cloud which is supported by
Google. It is used for saving the database and for
visualization and analysis of the data.
 XAMPP Server - XAMPP Severs are used to host
webpages and web applications on the local server.
One can use PHP MySQL databases to CRUD
operations. Hosting of dynamic and static web
applications is what XAMPP is best for.
Coding languages required for designing the web page are
HTML, CSS and PHP. HTML and CSS are the languages which
help in designing of the front end, and PHP is used for
storing the data in the local database on the system.
4. PROPOSED WORK
In this section, we will be discussing about the design,
architecture and working of the proposed model.
4.1 Design
The architecture used for our model is a level 4 architecture
used in Internet of Things. This architecture tells us that the
project runs on cloud with the REST WEB services being
used with HTTP protocol (Fig -1).
The monitoring nodes are the end nodes which are
connected to the sensors and actuators which sendvaluesto
the cloud via HTTP network. The user is at observer node in
the local end. The database values are sent to the observer

node and analytics component by CRUD methodology for
easy retrieval and analysis of the data.
Fig -1: Architecture
4.2 Work Flow
Ultrasonic sensors are used for this system. The sensor will
be placed on top of bin and will be connected to the esp8266
module which will be the medium for wireless
communication through the cloud. Firebase cloud service
will be used and the web application will receive the
notification which will help in sendingtheinformationtothe
office that the level of garbage has reached its maximum
level. After this the bin should be emptiedassoonaspossible
(Fig -2).
Fig -2: Work Flow
4.3 Implementation
The circuit connections are as given (Fig -3).
Fig -3: Circuit connection

The NodeMCU module has been used in our project as a
microcontroller forconnectiontotheWi-Fiandforpowering
and retrieving values from other components such as the
GPS module and theUltrasonic Sensor.TheUltrasonicsensor
is used in this project to measure the amount of garbage
present in the dustbin at any point of time. This function is
performed by the ultrasonic sensor by measuring time
between emission and reception of the ultrasonic wavesand
then calculating the distance using speed-distance-time
formula. It provides a digital output to the NodeMCU with a
5V battery input.
The logic used in finding whether the dustbin is full or not
depends on the height of the dustbin. In our project we have
assumed the height of every dustbin to be the same and
accordingly updates are sent to the cloud:
1. Calculate distance of garbage from lid.
2. If the distance is less than 12 cm, then throw alert
notification to clean the dustbin.
3. If not, keep checking till it does.
4. Once the notification is sent or values to cloud are
uploaded, send updates to the app with the GPS
location of every dustbin which will give us almost
the exact location of each dustbin.
The GPS (Global Positioning System) module provides us
with latitude and longitue values which can be used to find
the location of the device using google maps. This will be
useful in our project for easy navigation of the dustbins that
require immediate cleaning.
Till now we have seen what components are being used in
this project. Now we will look at the method of
implementation of all the components. The hardware
components with all the sufficient and correct connections
will be installed under the dustbin cover or lid. The
NodeMCU needs to be connected to any Wi-Fi network so
that the interaction between the microcontroller and the
cloud platform can be established. After successful
connection of the NodeMCU and the Wi-Fi, the values
retrieved by the NodeMCU from Ultrasonic sensor and GPS
module can be sent across the cloud. The ultrasonic sensor
will send the current garbage level in the dustbin. And the
code for detection of full or partially-full dustbin will be
modified in such a way that whenever the threshold level is
reached, a notification will be triggered in the web
application. In the web application, the initial page will have
three option. One will be for the user registration and the
other will be for the user login. The third option will be a
feedback form which will be helpful in getting views from
the audience. The user in this case is the admin of the
garbage collection authority or the garbage collectors who
will come to collect the garbage. The user after registration
will be able to see all the dustbins and the level of garbage in
each of them with respect to different locations and areas.
The user will get a notification alert whenever a dustbingets
completely filled. The user will be then provided with
necessary details such as the location of the dustbins where
the cleaning is immediately required and the ID of that
particular dustbin for easy and efficient navigation of the
dustbins. The location parameters will be detectedusingthe
GPS module and the location will be found after calculating
the position according to the latitude and longitude values
received by the GPS module. This will help in cleaning the
dustbins as soon as they get filled and in keeping the
environment healthy.
The feedback form will enable the authorities to assess
themselves and to make changes according to the feedbacks
of the people who throw the garbage in the dustbin. After
filling the form, one can open the stored submission details
on the cloud and will be displayed on the app which will be
used by the garbage collectors and the authorities. Analysis
of the data collected over the time can be done so that the
predictability and chances of a particular dustbin getting
filled at a particular time can be predicted and according to
that analysis, the garbage collectors can schedule their
garbage collecting strategies. This project will not only help
the residents to experience a healthy environment around
them but will also help the management to work efficiently.
We have a website which shows the status of the bin. A URL
will be provided to the user for accessingthe websitetoview
the status of the bin so that he can know every bin is filled to
what level. This can help in prioritizing the cleaning of bins
according to their filled status. Microcontroller takes the
values from ultrasonic sensor and sends it to Firebase.
Values from cloud can be retrievedusingdatabase whichcan
be later reflected on the website showing status of each bin
(Fig -4).
Fig -4: Application Dashboard
Users will be given an option to give feedback about the
dustbins and their cleaning through a website. This website
is designed using HTML & CSS containing a feedback form to
be filled. The data submitted in this form will be sent to
database using PHP as back end technology (Fig -5).

Fig -5: Feedback Form
5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
Best practices of this project includes success of reaching
every milestone on time and getting benefitted from it. We
have used cheap and efficient components to make the
project economical. Code compaction has made the project
more efficient by defining proper deliverables. The project
can be easily used by users (garbage collectors and
administration) for disposal and retrieval of waste. It can be
deployed anywhere for proper waste disposal and pickup,
which will help in making the environment cleaner and
greener.
This project involves less human effort whileautomating the
waste disposal by integrating hardwareandapplication. The
hardware detects the level of garbage and the application
sends the notification of garbage retrieval .Thisprojectsaves
effort of garbage collectors by saving their time and cost of
fuel of the vehicle. It provides proper disposal method of
garbage, eliminating the dustbin getting completely filled
and garbage spilling out. This is an efficient way of disposing
the garbage considering the cost and easy to use attributes.
6. FUTUTRE SCOPE
There can be many different modules which can be
implemented with this project. The modules which can be
included are of various domainsrangingfromIoTtoMLtoAI
to Big Data Analytics. Some of the improvements to this
project can be providing the power source for the board
using solar power which is a more eco-friendly solution.
Analytics of the peak times of locations of where the dustbin
is filled and for how long can be done to save human effort.
Automation of opening and closing of lid and automation of
switching on and off of the entire system is also a possibility
which will, end of the day, save a lot of power.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thank you to the SRM Institute of Science and Technology
faculty, Dr. Kayavizhi Jayavel, for guiding us and motivating
us throughout the project.
REFERENCES
[1] Norfadzlia Mohd Yusof, Mohd Faizal Zulkifli, Nor Yusma
Amira Mohd Yusof,Azziana AfififieAzman.“Smart Waste
Bin with Real-Time Monitoring System”. International
Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 [2.29] [2018]
725-729.
[2] Mamatha Dhananjaya, Priyanka. K. E, Nidhi. R, Pooja. K.
“Smart Garbage Monitoring System Using Node MCU”.
Int. Conf. on Signal, Image Processing Communication&
Automation, ICSIPC.
[3] Somu Dhana Satyamanikanta, M.Narayanan. “SMART
GARBAGEMONITORINGSYSTEMUSINGSENSORSWITH
RFID OVER INTERNETOFTHINGS”. Journal ofAdvanced
Research in Dynamical and Control Systems, Vol. 9. Sp–
6 / 2017.
[4] S. Vinoth Kumar, T. Senthil Kumaran, A. Krishna
Kumar, Mahantesh Mathapati. “Smart garbage
monitoring and clearance system using internet of
things”. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart
Technologies and Management for Computing,
Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials
(ICSTM).
[5] Shyamala S, Sindhe K, Muddy V, Chitra C. “Smart waste
management system”. International Journal ofScientific
Development and Research [IJSDR]. 2016.
[6] Himadri Nath Saha, Sourav Gon, Annesha
Nayak, Samabrita kundu, Sumandrita Moitra.“IotBased
Garbage Monıtorıng and Clearance Alert System”. 2018
IEEE 9th Annual Information Technology, Electronics
and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON).
[7] Ruhin Mary Saji1, Drishya Gopakumar2, Harish Kumar,
K N Mohammed Sayed, Lakshmi. “A Survey on Smart
Garbage Management in Cities using IoT”. International
Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science.
[8] Dhawal Lad, Sagar More, Harshal Mali, Prachi Chadhari,
Ketan Shirsath, Priyanka Pawar. “Smart Dustbin”.
International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology (IJRASET).
BIOGRAPHIES
Sonali Joshi is an undergraduate
student of SRM Institute of Science
and Technology. She is pursuing
engineering in Information
Technology. Her interests are
Internet of Things, Cloud
Computing, DatabaseManagement
Systems and Software Testing.

Uttkarsh Kumar Singh is an
undergraduate student of SRM
Institute of Science and
Technology. He is pursuing
Technology.
He has an interest in Internet of
Things and he aims to continue his
research under that domain.
Sahil Yadav is an undergraduate
student of SRM Institute of Science
and Technology. He is pursuing
Technology.
His interests are Web
Development, Internet of Things,
Microcontrollers and Product
Development.

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