PDU 207 Basic Statistics: Introduction to Statistics
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This document provides an introduction to statistics for a class. It discusses key terminology in statistics, such as population, sample, parameter, and statistics. It explains the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics are used to organize and summarize information about variables, while inferential statistics allow generalization from a sample to a population. The document also outlines different research methods in statistics, including experimental and non-experimental methods, and how variables are measured. It provides examples of how individual variables, relationships between variables, and experimental designs are used in statistics.
PDU 207 Basic Statistics: Introduction to Statistics
- 1. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR SEKSI E SEMESTER GASAL 2016/2017 FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI / PROGRAM STUDI S1 PSIKOLOGI Introduction to Statistics KULIAH II – 15 AGUSTUS 2016
- 2. Menguasai teknik-teknik statistika deskriptif dan statistika inferensial, secara khusus terkait dengan: • Berbagai istilah/terminologi statistik, pengukuran, dan penelitian, serta berbagai notasi dasar analisis statistik yang akan digunakan seterusnya dalam MK Statistik Dasar maupun MK lain; • Relevansi logika dan perhitungan statistik dalam proses penelitian secara umum. One-Day Objectives
- 3. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 3 KARAKTERISTIK PACAR IDEAL (LAKI-LAKI) KARAKTERISTIK PACAR IDEAL (PEREMPUAN) JUMLAH (MANTAN) PACAR USIA SAAT PACARAN PERTAMA KALI STATISTICS
- 4. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati What is Statistics? 4 used to organize and summarize the information; Statistics Serve General Purposes help to answer the questions that initiated the research by determining exactly what general conclusions are justified based on the specific results that were obtained. (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5) ICON SOURCES: Office Folders by Stanislav Levin, QA by Annie Lin; from the Noun Project
- 5. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 5 The term statistics refers to a set of mathematical procedures for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting information. (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5)
- 6. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Population & Samples 6 THE POPULATION THE SAMPLE the set of all the individuals of interest in a particular study a set of individuals selected from a population, usually intended to represent the population in a research study The sample is selected from the population The results from the sample are generalized to the population (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5-6) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch, Team by christoph robausch; from the Noun Project
- 7. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Population & Samples 7 Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali pada Mahasiswa FP UAJ Rata-rata = 9 th Semua laki-laki POPULATION SAMPLE (1) SAMPLE (2) Rata-rata = 13 th 3 Laki-laki, 2 Perempuan ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch; from the Noun Project
- 8. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Population & Samples 8 SAMPLING ERROR SAMPLE (1) SAMPLE (2) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch; from the Noun Project POPULATION
- 9. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Model of Statistical Inference 9 POPULATION SAMPLE SAMPLING PARAMETER STATISTICS MEASUREMENT MEASUREMENT (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch; from the Noun Project
- 10. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Model of Statistical Inference 10 SAMPLE STATISTICSMEASUREMENT (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch; from the Noun Project DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
- 11. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Model of Statistical Inference 11 POPULATION SAMPLE STATISTICSMEASUREMENT (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch; from the Noun Project INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
- 12. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Data Structures, Research Methods, 12 & STATISTICS PROPORTION/ PERCENTAGE CORRELATIONAL METHOD EXPERIMENTAL & NON-EXPERIMENTAL METHOD Comparing two (or more) groups of scores Describe individual variables as they exist naturally Measuring two variables for each individual EXAMPLE Independent Variable: Genre Musik Dependent Variable: Tingkat Pemahaman Statistik Dasar EXAMPLE Variabel: Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali EXAMPLE Variabel 1: Jumlah Pacar Variabel 2: Time-Management Skills INDIVIDUAL VARIABLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Pie Chart by Berkay Sargın, Link by Joris Hoogendoorn, Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project
- 13. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Data Structures, Research Methods, 13 describe individual variables as they exist naturally & STATISTICS PROPORTION/PERCENTAGE Variabel: Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Pie Chart by Berkay Sargın; from the Noun Project SUBJEK USIA PACARAN PERTAMA KALI A 9 B 18 C 11 D 13 E 10 F 16 G 16 H 17
- 14. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Data Structures, Research Methods, 14 two different variables are observed to determine whether there is a relationship between them & STATISTICS CORRELATIONAL METHOD Variabel 1: Jumlah Pacar Variabel 2: Time-Management Skills (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Link by Joris Hoogendoorn; from the Noun Project SUBJEK JUMLAH PACAR TIME-MANAGEMENT SKILLS A 1 Sangat Buruk 1 B 1 Sangat Buruk 1 C 2 Sangat Buruk 1 D 1 Buruk 2 E 3 Baik 3 F 3 Baik 3 G 1 Buruk 2 H 4 Sangat Baik 4
- 15. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Data Structures, Research Methods, 15 to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables; attempts to show that changing the value of one variable causes changes to occur in the second variable & STATISTICS THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project Independent Variable: Genre Musik Dependent Variable: Tingkat Pemahaman Statistik Dasar CHARACTERISTICS: • Manipulation • Control POP JAZZ 30 80 35 75 45 90 45 85 40 90
- 16. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati Data Structures, Research Methods, 16 to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables; attempts to show that changing the value of one variable causes changes to occur in the second variable & STATISTICS THE NON-EXPERIMENTAL METHOD (Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project Quasi-Independent Variable: Status Pacaran Dependent Variable: Familiaritas terhadap Adegan Percintaan CHARACTERISTICS: • Manipulation • Control (+) PACAR (-) PACAR 9 4 10 3 12 3 12 4 8 0
- 17. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 17 WANT TO KNOW MORE? Gravetter, F.J. & Wallnau, L.B. (2012). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (9th ed.). Australia: WADSWORTH CENGAGE Learning.