SlideShare a Scribd company logo
2
Most read
3
Most read
4
Most read
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS)
Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019, pp. 1003~1013
ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp1003-1013  1003
Journal homepage: http://iaescore.com/journals/index.php/IJPEDS
Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by
wind turbine: real time simulation using DS1104
controller board
Sara Mensou1
, Ahmed Essadki2
, Issam Minka3
, Tamou Nasser4
, Badre Bououlid Idrissi5
,
Lahssan Ben Tarla6
1, 2, 3 Electrical Engineering Department of ENSET Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco
4 Department Communication Networks Department of ENSIAS Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco
5, 6
Electromechanical Engineering Department of ENSAM Moulay Ismaïl University Meknès, Morocco
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Oct 7, 2018
Revised Feb 14, 2019
Accepted Mar 1, 2019
In this research paper we investigate the modelling and control of a doubly
fed induction generator (DFIG) driven in rotation by wind turbine, the
control objectives is to optimize capture wind, extract the maximum of the
power generated to the grid using MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point
Tracking) and have a specified reactive power generated whatever wind
speed variable, the indirect field oriented control IFOC with the PI correctors
was used to achieve such as decoupled control. To validate the dynamique
performance of our controller the whole system was simulated using
dSPACE DS1104 Controller board Real Time Interface (RTI) which runs in
Simulink/MATLAB software and ControlDesk 4.2 graphical interfaces.
Keywords:
DFIG
dSPACE card
Indirect field oriented control
MPPT method
Pulse with modulation
Wind turbine
Copyright © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Mensou Sara,
Department of Electrical Engineering,
ENSET Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco.
Email: sara.mensou11@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the world has known a rapid evolution in various sectors that means the increase in
demand on electrical energy; The uses of traditional fossil and nuclear energy resources pollute the
environment, for this reasons countries are focused on development and exploitation of renewable energy
sources such as biomasses, wind energy and solar energy which can offer the opportunity to produce the
electrical energy in a clean way and help to save the environment [1]. Wind energy is one of the most
effective and clean resource, it presents a promising and important source of energy with low cost, so many
researchers have been focused on wind energy systems to develop new technologies in order to optimize the
capture wind and the electrical power produced [2, 4].
In wind farms the most installed generator is the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator DFIG, This
machine presents several advantages; it makes possible to better use the wind energy resources by offering a
large range variation of speed about ± 30% around the synchronous speed (hyper-synchronous and hypo-
synchronous mode) [4]. The power converters connected to the rotor are dimensioned to pass a fraction of the
nominal power produced by the generator (20%-30%), consequently, the reduction of losses in power
electronics converters and cost compared to others generators [3-6]. To optimize the performance and
effectiveness of the aero-generators and extract the maximum of the power generated to the network, several
solutions and control technologies have been studied in the literature [3-7].
 ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013
1004
The objectives of this research paper is to extract the maximum of the electrical power generated
from the wind turbine for each wind speed variation and validate the dynamic performances of the system by
simulation using DS1104 Controller Card which runs in Simulink/MATLAB environment and ControlDesk
graphical interface. To control the generator we have used the PI controller for his easy maintenance, good
reliability and simplicity of implementation compared to other nonlinear controllers [3-4].
In this paper we start by the modeling of the wind energy conversion system; the modeling of the
wind turbine and the DFIG in the Park reference d-q, in the second section we present the indirect field
oriented control IFOC with the PI corrector to control the rotor side converter (RSC), then we present how to
extract the maximum of the power using the MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking), in the
fourth section the real time simulation results of the system using DS1104 card was presented, finally a
conclusions are given.
2. MODELING OF WIND ENERGY SYSTEM
The structure studied in this paper is based on the wind energy conversion system based on a doubly
fed induction generator with gearbox; the stator of the machine is connected directly to the network, while
the rotor is connected to the grid via two powers converters Figure 1.
Figure 1. The wind energy conversion system based on a DFIG
2.1. Wind turbine model
The modeling of the wind energy system is given by the following [6-7]:
3
3
3
2
( , ) . .
2
( , ) . .
2
p
aer
p
aer
aer
t t
S
P
C S
P
C S
P
T

 
   
   









 

 

(1)
The power coefficient Cp depending on the blade pitch angle β and the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) λ are defined
as follows [7]:
21
3
116
( , ) 0.5176 0.4 5 0.0068
1 0.035
0.008 1
i
p
i
i
t
C e
R

   


  



  
   
  
  


 

 

 




(2)
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694 
Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou)
1005
Where Pv, Paer , ρ, S, R, Ωt and v are the power of the wind turbine, the aerodynamic power
available on the rotor, the aerodynamic torque, the air density (ρ =1.22 kg/m3), the circular surface swept by
the turbine, the radius of the turbine, the turbine tpeed (rad/s) and the wind speed (m/s), respectively. The
fundamental equation of dynamics is given by [8-9]:
mec
g em f mec
d
J T T C
dt

    (3)
Where Ωmec, J, Tg, Tem and Cf are the mechanical rotor speed (rad/s), the total inertia, the generator torque,
the electromagnetic torque and the coefficient of viscous friction, respectively.
2.2. Mathematical model of DFIG
The mathematical model of the stator and rotor voltages of the doubly fed induction generator in the
Park reference (d-q) is given by the following [10]:
sd
sd s sd sq s
sq
sq s sq sd s
rd
rd r rd rq r
rq
rq r rq rd r
d
V R I
dt
d
V R I
dt
d
V R I
dt
d
V R I
dt

 

 

 

 

  



  



   


   


(4)
sd s sd m rd
sq s sq m rq
rd s rd m sd
rq r rq m sq
L I L I
L I L I
L I L I
L I L I




 

  


 

  

(5)
Where Ls, Lr are the cyclic stator/rotor inductance, Lm is the maximum of the mutual inductance and Rs, Rr
are the stator/rotor resistance. The stator active/reactive powers & the electromagnetic torque of the DFIG are
given by [11-12]:
s sd sd sq sq
s sq sd sd sq
P V I V I
Q V I V I
 



 


(6)
 
3
2
m
em sq rd sd rq
s
L
T p I I
L
 
  (7)
2.3. Converter model
The Rotor Side Converter (RSC) controlled by the Pulse with Modulation (PWM) signals is
modelled by a matrix. The matrix that connects the rotor voltages of the DFIG (Vra, Vrb, Vrc) and the control
signals provided from the PWM module (Sa, Sb, Sc) is constructed as follow [3]:
2 1 1
1 2 1
3
1 1 2
ra a
dc
rb b
rc c
V S
U
V S
V S
 
   
 
   
 
  
   
 
   
 
 
 
   
(8)
Where: Udc is the DC link Voltage.
 ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013
1006
3. CONTROLLERS MODEL
3.1. Indirect field oriented control (IFOC)
To control the reactive power and the Torque of the generator (DFIG) independently we have to
apply the vector control in order to ensure a decoupling between the variables of the machine [13]. In this
paper, we chose a two phases d-q linked to the rotating reference frame, and the stator flux is oriented along
the axis d, the expression of the flux becomes [14]:
0
sd s
sq
 








(9)
Assuming that the flux stator is oriented along the axis d and constant at the permanent regime and
the stator resistance Rs of the generator is neglected, the equations of the stator and rotor voltages can be
expressed as [14-15]:
0
sd
sd s sd sq s
sq
sq s sq sd s s s
d
V R I
dt
d
V R I
dt

 

   

   



    


(10)
2 2
2 2
m rd m
rd r rd r r r rq
s s
rq
m m m
rq r rq r r r rd r s
s s s
L dI L
V R I L L I
L dt L
dI
L L L
V R I L L I
L dt L L

  
    
    
    
    

   
      
   

   

(11)
The expressions for the stator powers & the electromagnetic torque of the DFIG are given by [16]:
s m
s rq
s
s s s m
s rd
s s
V L
P I
L
V V L
Q I
L L


 



  


(12)
3
2
m
em s rq
s
L
T p I
L

  (13)
Fundamentally, the indirect field oriented method using the proportional integral correctors consists
of two control loops [2]. The first loop serves to calculate reference rotor currents (Irq*, Ird*), this control
loop gets its reference from the maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) in order to optimize the
power produced from the generator for each wind speed changes. The second loop is used to determine the
rotor voltages references (Vrq*, Vrd*). According to (11), (12) and (13) we concluded that Vrd* and Vrq* are
the variables of the rotor voltages to impose on the DFIG to get the rotor currents, the electromagnetic torque
and the reactive stator power desired. The proposed model is given in Figure 2.
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694 
Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou)
1007
Figure 2. The proposed model using the PI controller
3.2. Proportional integral (PI) controller design
The synthesis of the proportional integral (PI) regulators is divided into two steps; the first step
serves to regulate the currents and the second step to regulate the powers/torque. The rotor current loop is
shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Rotor current control loop
Where:
2
1
.
m
s r
L
L L
  
The Open Loop Transfer Function H(p) is given by:
1 1
1
H( )
1
p i
i i
p
r r i r i
sk k
k R
p k
s L s R s k s L R
 

  
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
(14)
The compensation method is used to eliminate the zero of the transfer function H(p), to ensure the
performance of the compensation method the parameters of the transfer function most be known, we choose:
p r
i r
k L
k R

 (15)
The Open Loop Transfer Function H(p) becomes:
H( ) i
r
k
p
sR
 (16)
The Closed Loop Transfer Function G(p) is giving by the following equation:
1
( )
1 1
i r
i r i
k sR
G p
k sR s
 
 
(17)
 ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013
1008
Where r
i
i
R
k
  ; for the rotor current control loop we set the response time τi =1ms in order to have
a good tracking. Finally, we get: r
i
i
R
k

 and r
p
i
L
k


 . We used the same steps to calculate the gain of the
power/torque correctors. We get:
1
ii
i
k

 and
r
pp
i i
R
k
k

 .
3.3. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT Control)
To extract the maximum power generated it is necessary to provide the adequate electromagnetic
torque which is used to vary the mechanical rotor speed of the DFIG for each wind speed variation [6]. In
order to estimate the value of the wind speed which gives the maximum of the power we can fixed the TSR
to its optimum value λopt that corresponds to the maximum power coefficient Cp-max, According to (1) and
(2) it’s can be possible to deduce the expression of the reference electromagnetic torque as a function of the
optimum TSR λopt and mechanical rotor speed Ωmec [3-6]:
5
2
max 3
1 . .
( , )
2 ( . )
emref p mec
opt
R
T C
G
 
 

  (18)
Where G is the gain of the multiplier wich adjusts the turbine speed to the rotor speed of DFIG. The block
diagram in Figure 4 presents the model of the turbine and the MPPT Algorithm.
Figure 4. Block diagram of the MPPT Method
4. DSPACE DS1104 CONTROLLER BOARD
The dSPACE DS1104 Controller card is a cost effective system with a real time processor, it can be
mounted in a personal computer with a 5V PCI slot. The function models are easily turned on the DS1104
system with Real Time Interface (RTI), to configure the Input & Output of the system studied graphically the
ControlDesk interface can be used, insert the blocks diagrams and generate the model code via SIMULINK
software; the real time simulated models are compiled, downloaded, and started automatically [17]. This
increases systematically the productivity and reduces development costs and times. Figure 5 shows the block
diagram of the DS1104 Controller Card used in our laboratory which consists of a main processor PowerPC
64-bit floating point processor with a CPU Clock 250 MHz, a slave DSP I/O and a master PPC I/O
subsystem [17-18]. Figure 6 presents the model of the Control System under DS1104 RTI1104 which runs in
SIMULINK.
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694 
Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou)
1009
Figure 5. Block diagram of the DS1104 Controller Card
The dSPACE board used consists of three components:
a. DS1104 Controller Card installed in the PC
b. Panel for connecting signal lines to the DS1104.
c. Software tools for operating the card through the SIMULINK block diagram environment
Figure 6. Control System simulated under dSPACE DS1104 RTI
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The simulation of the whole system is performed using the Simulink/MATLAB software. The
Table 1 resumes the parameters of the wound induction generator A4222 (1.5 kW), after doing the
experimental determination of the parameters in our Laboratory.
Table 1. Parameters of the Generator A4222
Rs(Ω) Rr(Ω) Ls(H) Lr(H) Lm(H) Pn(kW) Vs(V)
1.18 1.66 0.20 0.18 0.17 1.5 220/380
5.1. Simulation results
To improve the performances of the system we apply a variable wind speed profile, it is modeled by
a sum of several harmonics around an average speed of 10.5 (m/s) presented in Figure 7, despite of the
variations of the wind speed the power coefficient Cp is keeps at its maximum value Cp-max= 0.49
 ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013
1010
(show Figure 8), which ensure the effectiveness of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm.
Comparing Figure 9 with Figure 10 we notice that the decoupling between the currents rotor Ird and Irq is
ensured and the tracking response is well done using PI correctors.
Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the reactive stator power Qs and the electromagnetic torque Tem, they
track perfectly their reference values against wind speed variations, the electromagnetic torque Tem follows
exactly the reference Tem* calculated from the MPPT method, thus a small variation of the wind introduces a
great variation on the torque, the reactive power stator Qs shown in Figure 12 is fixed at 0 VAR to have a
unity power factor on the stator side and optimize the quality of the electrical energy produced to the grid.
Figure 7. Wind Speed (m/s)
Figure 8. Power Coefficient Cp(λ,β)
Figure 9. Current Rotor Irq & Irq* (A)
Figure 10. Current Rotor Ird & Ird* (A).
Figure 11. Electromagnetic Torque Tem & Tem*
(N.m).
Figure 12. Stator Reactive Power Qs & Qs* (VAR).
Figure 13 illustrates that the currents stator Is for the three phases are sinusoidal with fs=50 (Hz).
Figure 14 gives the spectrum analysis of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the stator current for the
phase (a) Isa, as we see THD=6.65%, the harmonics appearing on the injected stator current Isa to the grid are
minimized that implies the wind energy provide the optimal electrical energy to the network.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
Time (s)
W
ind
Speed
v
(m
/s)
v (m/s)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0.4
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.5
Time(s)
Pow
er
C
oefficient
Cp
Beta =0 TSR=8.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
Time (s)
Rotor
Current
Ird
(A)
Ird
Ird*
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
Time (s)
Electromagnetic
Torque
Tem
(N.m)
Tem
Tem*
11 11.2 11.4 11.6 11.8 12
-6
-5.8
-5.6
-5.4
-5.2
-5
Zom on Tem
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Time (s)
Reactive
Statot
Power
Qs
(VAR)
Qs
Qs*
11 12 13 14 15
-200
-100
0
100
200
Zoom on Qs
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694 
Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou)
1011
Figure 13. Currents Stator Is-abc (A) Figure 14. Spectrum analysis of the Total Harmonic
Distortion for the Current Stator Isa
5.2. Hardware co-simulation results
In this research paper the Real Time Simulation (RTS) of the stator active power Ps, the stator
reactive power Qs, the electromagnetic torque Tem and current rotor Irq was carried out in Simulink/MATLAB
environment with dSPACE RTI1104 Real Time Interface (RTI) block set libraries. The results shown on the
graphical interface created under ControlDesk 4.2 Figure 15 were satisfactory that confirm the effectiveness
and performance of our controllers (Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) and Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) algorithm).
Figure 15. Graphical interface created under ControlDesk
6. CONCLUSION
The work was devoted to control a Doubly Fed Induction Generator applied in a wind energy
conversion system. After modelling the whole system we have adopted the Indirect Field Oriented Control
(IFOC) to control the reactive stator power and the electromagnetic torque independently, then the MPPT
Algorithm to extract the maximum of the power generated to the network.
The Wind Power Generation System was modelled and simulated with a variable speed operation
for a power of 1.5 (kW). To validate the proposed control model we have performed a simulation used
dSPACE RTI1104 Real Time Interface. The results obtained under ControlDesk 4.2 graphical interface were
satisfactory that ensure the performances of the control system studied.
 ISSN: 2088-8694
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013
1012
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work is supported by: ENSET, Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco. The authors would like to thank
all researchers and professors of the Electromechanical Engineering Department of ENSAM Moulay Ismaïl University
Meknès, Morocco.
REFERENCES
[1] B. Beltran, T. Ahmed Ali, M. Benbouzid, “Sliding Mode Power Control of Variable Speed Wind Energy
Conversion Systems”, IEEE Transl. Energy Conversion, vol. 23, pp. 551-558, June 2008.
[2] N. Bouchiba, A. Barkia, L. Chrifi Alaoui, S. Drid, S. Sallem, & M. B. A. kammoun, “Real-Time Integration of
Control Strategies for an Isolated DFIG -based WECS”, The European Physical Journal Plus, Vol. 132, No. 8, pp.
334-344, 2017.
[3] S. Mensou, A. Essadki, T. Nasser, B. B. Idrissi, “An Efficient Nonlinear Backstepping Controller Approach of a
Wind Power Generation System Based on a DFIG”. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.7,
No 4, pp. 1520-1528, December 2017.
[4] M. El Azzaoui, H. Mahmoudi, K. Boudaraia, “Backstepping Control of wind and photovoltaic hybrid Renewable
Energy System”.International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS),Vol.7, pp. 677-686,
2016.
[5] B. Bossoufi, M. Karim, A. Lagrioui, & all, “Observer Backstepping Control of DFIG-Generators for Wind
Turbines Variable Speed: FPGA-Based Implementation”. Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 81, pp. 903-917, 2015.
[6] R. Chakib, A. Essadki, M. Cherkaoui, “Modeling and Control of a Wind System based on a DFIG by Active
Disturbance Rejection Control”, International Review on Modeling and Simulations, Vol. 7, pp. 626-637, 2014.
[7] D. R. Robinett III, G. D. Wilson, “Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design: utilizing exergy, entropy, static and
dynamic stability, and lyapunov analysis”, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011.
[8] F. Senani, A. Rahab, & H. Benalla, ”A Complete Modeling and Control for Wind Turbine Based of a Doubly Fed
Induction Generator using Direct Power Control”. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems
(IJPEDS), Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1954-1962, 2017.
[9] A. Rahab, F. Senani, & H. Benalla,“Direct power control of brushless doubly-fed induction generator used in wind
energy conversion system”. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), Vol. 8, No.
1, pp. 417-433, 2017.
[10] S. Mensou, A. Essadki, I. Minka, T. Nasser & B. B. Idrissi, “Backstepping Controller for a Variable Wind Speed
Energy Conversion System Based on a DFIG”, Proceeding of the 5th International Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Conference (IRSEC), December 2017.
[11] N. El Ouanjli, A. Derouich, A. El Ghzizal, Y. El Mourabit, B. Bossoufi & M. Taoussi, “Contribution to the
Performance Improvement of Doubly Fed Induction Machine Functioning in Motor Mode by the DTC Control”
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 1117-1127, September
2017.
[12] I. Minka, A. Essadki, S. Mensou & T. Nasser “Power Control of a DFIG Driving By Wind Turbine: Comparison
Study Between ADRC and PI Controller”, Proceeding of the 5th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Conference (IRSEC), December 2017.
[13] Z. Mekrini, S. Bri, “Performance of an Indirect Field Oriented Control for Asynchronous Machine”, International
Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, pp. 726-733, Apr-May 2016.
[14] K. Ghedamsi, E.M. Berkouk, “Control of Wind Generator Associated to a Flywheel Energy Storage System”,
Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 33, pp. 2145-2156, 2008.
[15] S. Mensou, A. Essadki, T. Nasser & B. B. Idrissi, “A Robust Speed Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator
Using in WECS by the Nonlinear Backstepping Controller”. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference
on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), pp. 1-6, November 2017.
[16] Y. Ihedrane, C. El Bekkali, B. Bossoufi, “Improved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-
speed”, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 1875-1890,
December 2018.
[17] Z. A. Ghani, M. A. Hannan, & A. Mohamed, “Renewable Energy Inverter Development Using dSPACE DS1104
Controller Board”. Proceeding of the IEEE Conference on Power and Energy, pp. 69-73, November 2010.
[18] C.R. Bala Murugan, S.P. Natarajan, R. Bensraj, “Dspace Based Implementation of Various Inverted Sine Carrier
PWM Strategies for Three Phase Five Level H-Bridge Inverter”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering
Technology, Vol.7, pp.103-112, March 2016.
Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694 
Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou)
1013
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Sara Mensou was born on 1992 in Rabat, Morocco. She received the Master degree in Industrial
Automation Systems Engineering from Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, in 2015.
She is currently pursuing PhD degree in renewable energy, motor drives and power system at
Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory, ENSET, Mohammed V University, Rabat,
Morocco. She is main area of research includes contribution to the control of the generators
applied in wind turbines and dSPACE based control systems.
Ahmed Essadki was born in Morocco. He received the PhD degree in 2000 at Mohammadia
Engineering School (EMI), Rabat in 2000. From 1990 to 1993, he pursued the Master program at
UQTR University, Quebec Canada, in electrical engineering. His current researches include
renewable energy, motor drives and power system. Ahmed is a member of RGE Lab in research
group leader. Currently, he is a Professor at the electrical engineering department of ENSET,
Rabat.
Issam Minka was born in Khenifra, Morocco. He holds a Master's Degree in Science and
Technology entitled Microelectronic Systems of Telecommunications and Industrial Computing
at the Faculty of Science and Technology of Fez, Morocco in 2014. He is currently working on a
doctoral thesis in the Electrical Engineering Department of ENSET, Mohammed V University
Rabat. His research interests include renewable energy, machine control and electrical systems.
Tamou Nasser was born in Morocco. She received the PhD degree in 2005 and her research MS
degree in 2000, all in electrical engineering from Mohammadia Engineering School (EMI),
Morocco. Her current research interests include renewable energy and motor drives. She is a
member of Al Jazari research group. Currently, she is a Professor at the communication
networks department of ENSIAS, Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco.
Badr Bououlid Idrissi was born in Marrakech, Morocco. He received the PhD degree from
Polytechnic Faculty of Mons, Belgium, in 1997. In 1992 he received the Diploma of engineer’s
degree from National School of Mineral Industry (ENIM), Rabat. Currently, he is a professor at
the Electromechanical Engineering Department of ENSAM, Moulay Ismail University of
Meknes. His research interests are mainly industrial control systems and DSP based control
systems.
Lahssan Ben Tarla was born in Errachidia, Morocco. He received the master’s degree from
Ecole Normale Supérieure de l'Enseignement Technique, Rabat, Morocco, Mohammed V
University. He is currently preparing a PhD thesis in the Department of Electromechanical
Engineering at ENSAM Meknès, Morocco. His research areas include Flexible Manipulator,
active vibration control and model predictive control.

More Related Content

PDF
Intelligent Control for Doubly Fed Induction Generator Connected to the Elect...
PDF
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...
PDF
Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control
PDF
Control of the powerquality for a DFIG powered by multilevel inverters
PDF
Active and Reactive Power Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator
PDF
I1086470
PDF
Power fuzzy adaptive control for wind turbine
PDF
Modeling, simulation and control of a doubly-fed induction generator for wind...
Intelligent Control for Doubly Fed Induction Generator Connected to the Elect...
A Performance Comparison of DFIG using Power Transfer Matrix and Direct Power...
Power Control of Wind Turbine Based on Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control
Control of the powerquality for a DFIG powered by multilevel inverters
Active and Reactive Power Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator
I1086470
Power fuzzy adaptive control for wind turbine
Modeling, simulation and control of a doubly-fed induction generator for wind...

What's hot (18)

PDF
Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Turbine Conversion Chain Variable Speed ...
PDF
R36100108
PDF
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy Conversion
PDF
Cm36532538
PDF
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
PDF
Sliding mode performance control applied to a DFIG system for a wind energy p...
PDF
Generator and grid side converter control for wind energy conversion system
PDF
Indirect power control of DFIG based on wind turbine operating in MPPT using ...
PDF
Wind and solar integrated to smart grid using islanding operation
PDF
Ijetr011932
PDF
Improved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speed
PDF
Control of the photoelectric generator for used in feeding of the independent...
PDF
MPPT Control for Wind Energy Conversion System based on a T-S Fuzzy
PDF
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Drive System Based on Maximum Power Curve Sear...
PDF
E010343239
PDF
Nonlinear control of grid-connected wind energy conversion system without mec...
PDF
Direct and indirect vector control of a doubly fed induction generator based ...
Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Turbine Conversion Chain Variable Speed ...
R36100108
Indirect Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine for Wind Energy Conversion
Cm36532538
PERFORMANCE OF MVDC AND MVAC OFFSHORE WIND FARM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Sliding mode performance control applied to a DFIG system for a wind energy p...
Generator and grid side converter control for wind energy conversion system
Indirect power control of DFIG based on wind turbine operating in MPPT using ...
Wind and solar integrated to smart grid using islanding operation
Ijetr011932
Improved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speed
Control of the photoelectric generator for used in feeding of the independent...
MPPT Control for Wind Energy Conversion System based on a T-S Fuzzy
Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Drive System Based on Maximum Power Curve Sear...
E010343239
Nonlinear control of grid-connected wind energy conversion system without mec...
Direct and indirect vector control of a doubly fed induction generator based ...
Ad

Similar to Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation using DS1104 controller board (20)

PDF
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...
PDF
Performance analysis and enhancement of direct power control of DFIG based wi...
PDF
Power Control of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speed
PDF
Performance enhancements of DFIG wind turbine using fuzzy-feedback linearizat...
PDF
Control of PMSG based variable speed wind energy conversion system connected ...
PDF
Double flux orientation control for a doubly fed induction generator based wi...
PDF
Double flux orientation control for a doubly fed
PDF
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated Area
PDF
Evaluation of Synchronization and MPPT Algorithms in a DFIG Wind Turbine Cont...
PDF
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...
PDF
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas Application
PDF
Bank of Extended Kalman Filters for Faults Diagnosis in Wind Turbine Doubly F...
PDF
Adaptation_of_PI_controller_used_with_combination_.pdf
PPTX
final 09876554234556778Presentation1.pptx
PDF
Fuzzy sliding mode control of doubly-fed induction generator driven by wind t...
PDF
Improved Control Strategy for Low Voltage Ride Through Capability of DFIG wit...
PDF
Improvement of sliding mode power control applied to wind system based on dou...
PDF
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...
PDF
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generat...
PDF
Modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg based w...
Modeling and Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Turbine-Gen...
Performance analysis and enhancement of direct power control of DFIG based wi...
Power Control of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable-speed
Performance enhancements of DFIG wind turbine using fuzzy-feedback linearizat...
Control of PMSG based variable speed wind energy conversion system connected ...
Double flux orientation control for a doubly fed induction generator based wi...
Double flux orientation control for a doubly fed
Modeling of Wind Energy on Isolated Area
Evaluation of Synchronization and MPPT Algorithms in a DFIG Wind Turbine Cont...
IRJET- Decoupled Control Technique of DFIG with Dual PWM Converters for Wind ...
Advanced Control of Wind Electric Pumping System for Isolated Areas Application
Bank of Extended Kalman Filters for Faults Diagnosis in Wind Turbine Doubly F...
Adaptation_of_PI_controller_used_with_combination_.pdf
final 09876554234556778Presentation1.pptx
Fuzzy sliding mode control of doubly-fed induction generator driven by wind t...
Improved Control Strategy for Low Voltage Ride Through Capability of DFIG wit...
Improvement of sliding mode power control applied to wind system based on dou...
A Fuzzy Logic Control Strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator for Improve...
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generat...
Modeling and performance analysis of a small scale direct driven pmsg based w...
Ad

More from International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (20)

PDF
Adaptive backstepping controller design based on neural network for PMSM spee...
PDF
Classification and direction discrimination of faults in transmission lines u...
PDF
Integration of artificial neural networks for multi-source energy management ...
PDF
Rotating blade faults classification of a rotor-disk-blade system using artif...
PDF
Artificial bee colony algorithm applied to optimal power flow solution incorp...
PDF
Soft computing and IoT based solar tracker
PDF
Comparison of roughness index for Kitka and Koznica wind farms
PDF
Primary frequency control of large-scale PV-connected multi-machine power sys...
PDF
Performance of solar modules integrated with reflector
PDF
Wind speed modeling based on measurement data to predict future wind speed wi...
PDF
Comparison of PV panels MPPT techniques applied to solar water pumping system
PDF
Prospect of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh
PDF
A novel optimization of the particle swarm based maximum power point tracking...
PDF
Voltage stability enhancement for large scale squirrel cage induction generat...
PDF
Electrical and environmental parameters of the performance of polymer solar c...
PDF
Short and open circuit faults study in the PV system inverter
PDF
A modified bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter for distribut...
PDF
The new approach minimizes harmonics in a single-phase three-level NPC 400 Hz...
PDF
Comparison of electronic load using linear regulator and boost converter
PDF
Simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC buck power converter for low voltage larg...
Adaptive backstepping controller design based on neural network for PMSM spee...
Classification and direction discrimination of faults in transmission lines u...
Integration of artificial neural networks for multi-source energy management ...
Rotating blade faults classification of a rotor-disk-blade system using artif...
Artificial bee colony algorithm applied to optimal power flow solution incorp...
Soft computing and IoT based solar tracker
Comparison of roughness index for Kitka and Koznica wind farms
Primary frequency control of large-scale PV-connected multi-machine power sys...
Performance of solar modules integrated with reflector
Wind speed modeling based on measurement data to predict future wind speed wi...
Comparison of PV panels MPPT techniques applied to solar water pumping system
Prospect of renewable energy resources in Bangladesh
A novel optimization of the particle swarm based maximum power point tracking...
Voltage stability enhancement for large scale squirrel cage induction generat...
Electrical and environmental parameters of the performance of polymer solar c...
Short and open circuit faults study in the PV system inverter
A modified bridge-type nonsuperconducting fault current limiter for distribut...
The new approach minimizes harmonics in a single-phase three-level NPC 400 Hz...
Comparison of electronic load using linear regulator and boost converter
Simplified cascade multiphase DC-DC buck power converter for low voltage larg...

Recently uploaded (20)

PPTX
additive manufacturing of ss316l using mig welding
PDF
Digital Logic Computer Design lecture notes
PDF
PRIZ Academy - 9 Windows Thinking Where to Invest Today to Win Tomorrow.pdf
PPTX
Internet of Things (IOT) - A guide to understanding
PPTX
web development for engineering and engineering
PPTX
Geodesy 1.pptx...............................................
PDF
Embodied AI: Ushering in the Next Era of Intelligent Systems
PPT
Mechanical Engineering MATERIALS Selection
PDF
BMEC211 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS-1.pdf
PDF
Enhancing Cyber Defense Against Zero-Day Attacks using Ensemble Neural Networks
PDF
Evaluating the Democratization of the Turkish Armed Forces from a Normative P...
PPTX
OOP with Java - Java Introduction (Basics)
PDF
TFEC-4-2020-Design-Guide-for-Timber-Roof-Trusses.pdf
PPTX
Foundation to blockchain - A guide to Blockchain Tech
PPTX
CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOINFORMATION VISUALIZATION chapter1 NPTE (2).pptx
PDF
keyrequirementskkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
PPTX
Recipes for Real Time Voice AI WebRTC, SLMs and Open Source Software.pptx
PDF
R24 SURVEYING LAB MANUAL for civil enggi
PPTX
FINAL REVIEW FOR COPD DIANOSIS FOR PULMONARY DISEASE.pptx
PPTX
Engineering Ethics, Safety and Environment [Autosaved] (1).pptx
additive manufacturing of ss316l using mig welding
Digital Logic Computer Design lecture notes
PRIZ Academy - 9 Windows Thinking Where to Invest Today to Win Tomorrow.pdf
Internet of Things (IOT) - A guide to understanding
web development for engineering and engineering
Geodesy 1.pptx...............................................
Embodied AI: Ushering in the Next Era of Intelligent Systems
Mechanical Engineering MATERIALS Selection
BMEC211 - INTRODUCTION TO MECHATRONICS-1.pdf
Enhancing Cyber Defense Against Zero-Day Attacks using Ensemble Neural Networks
Evaluating the Democratization of the Turkish Armed Forces from a Normative P...
OOP with Java - Java Introduction (Basics)
TFEC-4-2020-Design-Guide-for-Timber-Roof-Trusses.pdf
Foundation to blockchain - A guide to Blockchain Tech
CARTOGRAPHY AND GEOINFORMATION VISUALIZATION chapter1 NPTE (2).pptx
keyrequirementskkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
Recipes for Real Time Voice AI WebRTC, SLMs and Open Source Software.pptx
R24 SURVEYING LAB MANUAL for civil enggi
FINAL REVIEW FOR COPD DIANOSIS FOR PULMONARY DISEASE.pptx
Engineering Ethics, Safety and Environment [Autosaved] (1).pptx

Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation using DS1104 controller board

  • 1. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019, pp. 1003~1013 ISSN: 2088-8694, DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp1003-1013  1003 Journal homepage: http://iaescore.com/journals/index.php/IJPEDS Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation using DS1104 controller board Sara Mensou1 , Ahmed Essadki2 , Issam Minka3 , Tamou Nasser4 , Badre Bououlid Idrissi5 , Lahssan Ben Tarla6 1, 2, 3 Electrical Engineering Department of ENSET Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco 4 Department Communication Networks Department of ENSIAS Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco 5, 6 Electromechanical Engineering Department of ENSAM Moulay Ismaïl University Meknès, Morocco Article Info ABSTRACT Article history: Received Oct 7, 2018 Revised Feb 14, 2019 Accepted Mar 1, 2019 In this research paper we investigate the modelling and control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven in rotation by wind turbine, the control objectives is to optimize capture wind, extract the maximum of the power generated to the grid using MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking) and have a specified reactive power generated whatever wind speed variable, the indirect field oriented control IFOC with the PI correctors was used to achieve such as decoupled control. To validate the dynamique performance of our controller the whole system was simulated using dSPACE DS1104 Controller board Real Time Interface (RTI) which runs in Simulink/MATLAB software and ControlDesk 4.2 graphical interfaces. Keywords: DFIG dSPACE card Indirect field oriented control MPPT method Pulse with modulation Wind turbine Copyright © 2019 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved. Corresponding Author: Mensou Sara, Department of Electrical Engineering, ENSET Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco. Email: sara.mensou11@gmail.com 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the world has known a rapid evolution in various sectors that means the increase in demand on electrical energy; The uses of traditional fossil and nuclear energy resources pollute the environment, for this reasons countries are focused on development and exploitation of renewable energy sources such as biomasses, wind energy and solar energy which can offer the opportunity to produce the electrical energy in a clean way and help to save the environment [1]. Wind energy is one of the most effective and clean resource, it presents a promising and important source of energy with low cost, so many researchers have been focused on wind energy systems to develop new technologies in order to optimize the capture wind and the electrical power produced [2, 4]. In wind farms the most installed generator is the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator DFIG, This machine presents several advantages; it makes possible to better use the wind energy resources by offering a large range variation of speed about ± 30% around the synchronous speed (hyper-synchronous and hypo- synchronous mode) [4]. The power converters connected to the rotor are dimensioned to pass a fraction of the nominal power produced by the generator (20%-30%), consequently, the reduction of losses in power electronics converters and cost compared to others generators [3-6]. To optimize the performance and effectiveness of the aero-generators and extract the maximum of the power generated to the network, several solutions and control technologies have been studied in the literature [3-7].
  • 2.  ISSN: 2088-8694 Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013 1004 The objectives of this research paper is to extract the maximum of the electrical power generated from the wind turbine for each wind speed variation and validate the dynamic performances of the system by simulation using DS1104 Controller Card which runs in Simulink/MATLAB environment and ControlDesk graphical interface. To control the generator we have used the PI controller for his easy maintenance, good reliability and simplicity of implementation compared to other nonlinear controllers [3-4]. In this paper we start by the modeling of the wind energy conversion system; the modeling of the wind turbine and the DFIG in the Park reference d-q, in the second section we present the indirect field oriented control IFOC with the PI corrector to control the rotor side converter (RSC), then we present how to extract the maximum of the power using the MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking), in the fourth section the real time simulation results of the system using DS1104 card was presented, finally a conclusions are given. 2. MODELING OF WIND ENERGY SYSTEM The structure studied in this paper is based on the wind energy conversion system based on a doubly fed induction generator with gearbox; the stator of the machine is connected directly to the network, while the rotor is connected to the grid via two powers converters Figure 1. Figure 1. The wind energy conversion system based on a DFIG 2.1. Wind turbine model The modeling of the wind energy system is given by the following [6-7]: 3 3 3 2 ( , ) . . 2 ( , ) . . 2 p aer p aer aer t t S P C S P C S P T                           (1) The power coefficient Cp depending on the blade pitch angle β and the Tip Speed Ratio (TSR) λ are defined as follows [7]: 21 3 116 ( , ) 0.5176 0.4 5 0.0068 1 0.035 0.008 1 i p i i t C e R                                         (2)
  • 3. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou) 1005 Where Pv, Paer , ρ, S, R, Ωt and v are the power of the wind turbine, the aerodynamic power available on the rotor, the aerodynamic torque, the air density (ρ =1.22 kg/m3), the circular surface swept by the turbine, the radius of the turbine, the turbine tpeed (rad/s) and the wind speed (m/s), respectively. The fundamental equation of dynamics is given by [8-9]: mec g em f mec d J T T C dt      (3) Where Ωmec, J, Tg, Tem and Cf are the mechanical rotor speed (rad/s), the total inertia, the generator torque, the electromagnetic torque and the coefficient of viscous friction, respectively. 2.2. Mathematical model of DFIG The mathematical model of the stator and rotor voltages of the doubly fed induction generator in the Park reference (d-q) is given by the following [10]: sd sd s sd sq s sq sq s sq sd s rd rd r rd rq r rq rq r rq rd r d V R I dt d V R I dt d V R I dt d V R I dt                                      (4) sd s sd m rd sq s sq m rq rd s rd m sd rq r rq m sq L I L I L I L I L I L I L I L I                    (5) Where Ls, Lr are the cyclic stator/rotor inductance, Lm is the maximum of the mutual inductance and Rs, Rr are the stator/rotor resistance. The stator active/reactive powers & the electromagnetic torque of the DFIG are given by [11-12]: s sd sd sq sq s sq sd sd sq P V I V I Q V I V I          (6)   3 2 m em sq rd sd rq s L T p I I L     (7) 2.3. Converter model The Rotor Side Converter (RSC) controlled by the Pulse with Modulation (PWM) signals is modelled by a matrix. The matrix that connects the rotor voltages of the DFIG (Vra, Vrb, Vrc) and the control signals provided from the PWM module (Sa, Sb, Sc) is constructed as follow [3]: 2 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 ra a dc rb b rc c V S U V S V S                                      (8) Where: Udc is the DC link Voltage.
  • 4.  ISSN: 2088-8694 Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013 1006 3. CONTROLLERS MODEL 3.1. Indirect field oriented control (IFOC) To control the reactive power and the Torque of the generator (DFIG) independently we have to apply the vector control in order to ensure a decoupling between the variables of the machine [13]. In this paper, we chose a two phases d-q linked to the rotating reference frame, and the stator flux is oriented along the axis d, the expression of the flux becomes [14]: 0 sd s sq           (9) Assuming that the flux stator is oriented along the axis d and constant at the permanent regime and the stator resistance Rs of the generator is neglected, the equations of the stator and rotor voltages can be expressed as [14-15]: 0 sd sd s sd sq s sq sq s sq sd s s s d V R I dt d V R I dt                        (10) 2 2 2 2 m rd m rd r rd r r r rq s s rq m m m rq r rq r r r rd r s s s s L dI L V R I L L I L dt L dI L L L V R I L L I L dt L L                                               (11) The expressions for the stator powers & the electromagnetic torque of the DFIG are given by [16]: s m s rq s s s s m s rd s s V L P I L V V L Q I L L             (12) 3 2 m em s rq s L T p I L    (13) Fundamentally, the indirect field oriented method using the proportional integral correctors consists of two control loops [2]. The first loop serves to calculate reference rotor currents (Irq*, Ird*), this control loop gets its reference from the maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) in order to optimize the power produced from the generator for each wind speed changes. The second loop is used to determine the rotor voltages references (Vrq*, Vrd*). According to (11), (12) and (13) we concluded that Vrd* and Vrq* are the variables of the rotor voltages to impose on the DFIG to get the rotor currents, the electromagnetic torque and the reactive stator power desired. The proposed model is given in Figure 2.
  • 5. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou) 1007 Figure 2. The proposed model using the PI controller 3.2. Proportional integral (PI) controller design The synthesis of the proportional integral (PI) regulators is divided into two steps; the first step serves to regulate the currents and the second step to regulate the powers/torque. The rotor current loop is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. Rotor current control loop Where: 2 1 . m s r L L L    The Open Loop Transfer Function H(p) is given by: 1 1 1 H( ) 1 p i i i p r r i r i sk k k R p k s L s R s k s L R                             (14) The compensation method is used to eliminate the zero of the transfer function H(p), to ensure the performance of the compensation method the parameters of the transfer function most be known, we choose: p r i r k L k R   (15) The Open Loop Transfer Function H(p) becomes: H( ) i r k p sR  (16) The Closed Loop Transfer Function G(p) is giving by the following equation: 1 ( ) 1 1 i r i r i k sR G p k sR s     (17)
  • 6.  ISSN: 2088-8694 Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013 1008 Where r i i R k   ; for the rotor current control loop we set the response time τi =1ms in order to have a good tracking. Finally, we get: r i i R k   and r p i L k    . We used the same steps to calculate the gain of the power/torque correctors. We get: 1 ii i k   and r pp i i R k k   . 3.3. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT Control) To extract the maximum power generated it is necessary to provide the adequate electromagnetic torque which is used to vary the mechanical rotor speed of the DFIG for each wind speed variation [6]. In order to estimate the value of the wind speed which gives the maximum of the power we can fixed the TSR to its optimum value λopt that corresponds to the maximum power coefficient Cp-max, According to (1) and (2) it’s can be possible to deduce the expression of the reference electromagnetic torque as a function of the optimum TSR λopt and mechanical rotor speed Ωmec [3-6]: 5 2 max 3 1 . . ( , ) 2 ( . ) emref p mec opt R T C G        (18) Where G is the gain of the multiplier wich adjusts the turbine speed to the rotor speed of DFIG. The block diagram in Figure 4 presents the model of the turbine and the MPPT Algorithm. Figure 4. Block diagram of the MPPT Method 4. DSPACE DS1104 CONTROLLER BOARD The dSPACE DS1104 Controller card is a cost effective system with a real time processor, it can be mounted in a personal computer with a 5V PCI slot. The function models are easily turned on the DS1104 system with Real Time Interface (RTI), to configure the Input & Output of the system studied graphically the ControlDesk interface can be used, insert the blocks diagrams and generate the model code via SIMULINK software; the real time simulated models are compiled, downloaded, and started automatically [17]. This increases systematically the productivity and reduces development costs and times. Figure 5 shows the block diagram of the DS1104 Controller Card used in our laboratory which consists of a main processor PowerPC 64-bit floating point processor with a CPU Clock 250 MHz, a slave DSP I/O and a master PPC I/O subsystem [17-18]. Figure 6 presents the model of the Control System under DS1104 RTI1104 which runs in SIMULINK.
  • 7. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou) 1009 Figure 5. Block diagram of the DS1104 Controller Card The dSPACE board used consists of three components: a. DS1104 Controller Card installed in the PC b. Panel for connecting signal lines to the DS1104. c. Software tools for operating the card through the SIMULINK block diagram environment Figure 6. Control System simulated under dSPACE DS1104 RTI 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The simulation of the whole system is performed using the Simulink/MATLAB software. The Table 1 resumes the parameters of the wound induction generator A4222 (1.5 kW), after doing the experimental determination of the parameters in our Laboratory. Table 1. Parameters of the Generator A4222 Rs(Ω) Rr(Ω) Ls(H) Lr(H) Lm(H) Pn(kW) Vs(V) 1.18 1.66 0.20 0.18 0.17 1.5 220/380 5.1. Simulation results To improve the performances of the system we apply a variable wind speed profile, it is modeled by a sum of several harmonics around an average speed of 10.5 (m/s) presented in Figure 7, despite of the variations of the wind speed the power coefficient Cp is keeps at its maximum value Cp-max= 0.49
  • 8.  ISSN: 2088-8694 Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013 1010 (show Figure 8), which ensure the effectiveness of the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm. Comparing Figure 9 with Figure 10 we notice that the decoupling between the currents rotor Ird and Irq is ensured and the tracking response is well done using PI correctors. Figures 9 and 10 illustrate the reactive stator power Qs and the electromagnetic torque Tem, they track perfectly their reference values against wind speed variations, the electromagnetic torque Tem follows exactly the reference Tem* calculated from the MPPT method, thus a small variation of the wind introduces a great variation on the torque, the reactive power stator Qs shown in Figure 12 is fixed at 0 VAR to have a unity power factor on the stator side and optimize the quality of the electrical energy produced to the grid. Figure 7. Wind Speed (m/s) Figure 8. Power Coefficient Cp(λ,β) Figure 9. Current Rotor Irq & Irq* (A) Figure 10. Current Rotor Ird & Ird* (A). Figure 11. Electromagnetic Torque Tem & Tem* (N.m). Figure 12. Stator Reactive Power Qs & Qs* (VAR). Figure 13 illustrates that the currents stator Is for the three phases are sinusoidal with fs=50 (Hz). Figure 14 gives the spectrum analysis of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the stator current for the phase (a) Isa, as we see THD=6.65%, the harmonics appearing on the injected stator current Isa to the grid are minimized that implies the wind energy provide the optimal electrical energy to the network. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 Time (s) W ind Speed v (m /s) v (m/s) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5 Time(s) Pow er C oefficient Cp Beta =0 TSR=8.1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 Time (s) Rotor Current Ird (A) Ird Ird* 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 Time (s) Electromagnetic Torque Tem (N.m) Tem Tem* 11 11.2 11.4 11.6 11.8 12 -6 -5.8 -5.6 -5.4 -5.2 -5 Zom on Tem 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Time (s) Reactive Statot Power Qs (VAR) Qs Qs* 11 12 13 14 15 -200 -100 0 100 200 Zoom on Qs
  • 9. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou) 1011 Figure 13. Currents Stator Is-abc (A) Figure 14. Spectrum analysis of the Total Harmonic Distortion for the Current Stator Isa 5.2. Hardware co-simulation results In this research paper the Real Time Simulation (RTS) of the stator active power Ps, the stator reactive power Qs, the electromagnetic torque Tem and current rotor Irq was carried out in Simulink/MATLAB environment with dSPACE RTI1104 Real Time Interface (RTI) block set libraries. The results shown on the graphical interface created under ControlDesk 4.2 Figure 15 were satisfactory that confirm the effectiveness and performance of our controllers (Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm). Figure 15. Graphical interface created under ControlDesk 6. CONCLUSION The work was devoted to control a Doubly Fed Induction Generator applied in a wind energy conversion system. After modelling the whole system we have adopted the Indirect Field Oriented Control (IFOC) to control the reactive stator power and the electromagnetic torque independently, then the MPPT Algorithm to extract the maximum of the power generated to the network. The Wind Power Generation System was modelled and simulated with a variable speed operation for a power of 1.5 (kW). To validate the proposed control model we have performed a simulation used dSPACE RTI1104 Real Time Interface. The results obtained under ControlDesk 4.2 graphical interface were satisfactory that ensure the performances of the control system studied.
  • 10.  ISSN: 2088-8694 Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst, Vol. 10, No. 2, June 2019: 1003 – 1013 1012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work is supported by: ENSET, Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco. The authors would like to thank all researchers and professors of the Electromechanical Engineering Department of ENSAM Moulay Ismaïl University Meknès, Morocco. REFERENCES [1] B. Beltran, T. Ahmed Ali, M. Benbouzid, “Sliding Mode Power Control of Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion Systems”, IEEE Transl. Energy Conversion, vol. 23, pp. 551-558, June 2008. [2] N. Bouchiba, A. Barkia, L. Chrifi Alaoui, S. Drid, S. Sallem, & M. B. A. kammoun, “Real-Time Integration of Control Strategies for an Isolated DFIG -based WECS”, The European Physical Journal Plus, Vol. 132, No. 8, pp. 334-344, 2017. [3] S. Mensou, A. Essadki, T. Nasser, B. B. Idrissi, “An Efficient Nonlinear Backstepping Controller Approach of a Wind Power Generation System Based on a DFIG”. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.7, No 4, pp. 1520-1528, December 2017. [4] M. El Azzaoui, H. Mahmoudi, K. Boudaraia, “Backstepping Control of wind and photovoltaic hybrid Renewable Energy System”.International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS),Vol.7, pp. 677-686, 2016. [5] B. Bossoufi, M. Karim, A. Lagrioui, & all, “Observer Backstepping Control of DFIG-Generators for Wind Turbines Variable Speed: FPGA-Based Implementation”. Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 81, pp. 903-917, 2015. [6] R. Chakib, A. Essadki, M. Cherkaoui, “Modeling and Control of a Wind System based on a DFIG by Active Disturbance Rejection Control”, International Review on Modeling and Simulations, Vol. 7, pp. 626-637, 2014. [7] D. R. Robinett III, G. D. Wilson, “Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design: utilizing exergy, entropy, static and dynamic stability, and lyapunov analysis”, Springer Science & Business Media, 2011. [8] F. Senani, A. Rahab, & H. Benalla, ”A Complete Modeling and Control for Wind Turbine Based of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator using Direct Power Control”. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 1954-1962, 2017. [9] A. Rahab, F. Senani, & H. Benalla,“Direct power control of brushless doubly-fed induction generator used in wind energy conversion system”. International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 417-433, 2017. [10] S. Mensou, A. Essadki, I. Minka, T. Nasser & B. B. Idrissi, “Backstepping Controller for a Variable Wind Speed Energy Conversion System Based on a DFIG”, Proceeding of the 5th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), December 2017. [11] N. El Ouanjli, A. Derouich, A. El Ghzizal, Y. El Mourabit, B. Bossoufi & M. Taoussi, “Contribution to the Performance Improvement of Doubly Fed Induction Machine Functioning in Motor Mode by the DTC Control” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 1117-1127, September 2017. [12] I. Minka, A. Essadki, S. Mensou & T. Nasser “Power Control of a DFIG Driving By Wind Turbine: Comparison Study Between ADRC and PI Controller”, Proceeding of the 5th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), December 2017. [13] Z. Mekrini, S. Bri, “Performance of an Indirect Field Oriented Control for Asynchronous Machine”, International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 8, pp. 726-733, Apr-May 2016. [14] K. Ghedamsi, E.M. Berkouk, “Control of Wind Generator Associated to a Flywheel Energy Storage System”, Renewable Energy, Elsevier, Vol. 33, pp. 2145-2156, 2008. [15] S. Mensou, A. Essadki, T. Nasser & B. B. Idrissi, “A Robust Speed Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Using in WECS by the Nonlinear Backstepping Controller”. Proceeding of the 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies (ICEIT), pp. 1-6, November 2017. [16] Y. Ihedrane, C. El Bekkali, B. Bossoufi, “Improved Performance of DFIG-generators for Wind Turbines Variable- speed”, International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS), Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 1875-1890, December 2018. [17] Z. A. Ghani, M. A. Hannan, & A. Mohamed, “Renewable Energy Inverter Development Using dSPACE DS1104 Controller Board”. Proceeding of the IEEE Conference on Power and Energy, pp. 69-73, November 2010. [18] C.R. Bala Murugan, S.P. Natarajan, R. Bensraj, “Dspace Based Implementation of Various Inverted Sine Carrier PWM Strategies for Three Phase Five Level H-Bridge Inverter”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology, Vol.7, pp.103-112, March 2016.
  • 11. Int J Pow Elec & Dri Syst ISSN: 2088-8694  Performance of a vector control for DFIG driven by wind turbine: real time simulation … (Sara Mensou) 1013 BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS Sara Mensou was born on 1992 in Rabat, Morocco. She received the Master degree in Industrial Automation Systems Engineering from Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, in 2015. She is currently pursuing PhD degree in renewable energy, motor drives and power system at Electrical Engineering Research Laboratory, ENSET, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco. She is main area of research includes contribution to the control of the generators applied in wind turbines and dSPACE based control systems. Ahmed Essadki was born in Morocco. He received the PhD degree in 2000 at Mohammadia Engineering School (EMI), Rabat in 2000. From 1990 to 1993, he pursued the Master program at UQTR University, Quebec Canada, in electrical engineering. His current researches include renewable energy, motor drives and power system. Ahmed is a member of RGE Lab in research group leader. Currently, he is a Professor at the electrical engineering department of ENSET, Rabat. Issam Minka was born in Khenifra, Morocco. He holds a Master's Degree in Science and Technology entitled Microelectronic Systems of Telecommunications and Industrial Computing at the Faculty of Science and Technology of Fez, Morocco in 2014. He is currently working on a doctoral thesis in the Electrical Engineering Department of ENSET, Mohammed V University Rabat. His research interests include renewable energy, machine control and electrical systems. Tamou Nasser was born in Morocco. She received the PhD degree in 2005 and her research MS degree in 2000, all in electrical engineering from Mohammadia Engineering School (EMI), Morocco. Her current research interests include renewable energy and motor drives. She is a member of Al Jazari research group. Currently, she is a Professor at the communication networks department of ENSIAS, Mohammed V University Rabat, Morocco. Badr Bououlid Idrissi was born in Marrakech, Morocco. He received the PhD degree from Polytechnic Faculty of Mons, Belgium, in 1997. In 1992 he received the Diploma of engineer’s degree from National School of Mineral Industry (ENIM), Rabat. Currently, he is a professor at the Electromechanical Engineering Department of ENSAM, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes. His research interests are mainly industrial control systems and DSP based control systems. Lahssan Ben Tarla was born in Errachidia, Morocco. He received the master’s degree from Ecole Normale Supérieure de l'Enseignement Technique, Rabat, Morocco, Mohammed V University. He is currently preparing a PhD thesis in the Department of Electromechanical Engineering at ENSAM Meknès, Morocco. His research areas include Flexible Manipulator, active vibration control and model predictive control.