PUBLIC PERCEPTION ON BIOTECHNOLOGY
- 1. A PRESENTATION ON PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF BIOTECHNOLOGY SANDEEP NAYAK ADM NO:10 ABT/16
- 2. Biotechnology and genetic engineering – An Introduction 1. I take a broad meaning of biotechnology; the use or development of techniques using organisms (or parts of organisms) to provide or improve goods or services. 2. Genetic engineering is one part of biotechnology and involves design of the DNA or an organism. 3. Genetic engineering is also often perceived as a technology associated with many risks, and most people have both these feelings about it. Cont.
- 3. 4.It is important to see these benefits and risks in an international way because the world is becoming smaller and ever more interdependent. 5. All people of the world can benefit if they can access medicines, and more environmentally sustainable agriculture. 6.However, biotechnological inventions that allow industrialized countries to become self-sufficient in many products change the international trade balances and prosperity of people in and between developing and industrialized countries. Cont.
- 4. 7.If developing countries cannot export products because of product substitution the result may be political instability and war. 8.Example, the use of enzymatic conversion of corn starch into high fructose corn syrup causes serious damage to the economies of sugar exporting nations , and may already have caused political instability in some.
- 5. Perceptions of public 1. Consumer awareness, perceptions and attitudes have played and will play a huge role in the acceptance of GM technologies. To understand the awareness, opinions and risk perception of consumers/ common people regarding GM foods and crops a survey was conducted of a sample of urban residents/ consumers in the four sample states. 2. The Table below describes the sample profile and shows that the respondents belong to the four states: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Punjab. Majority of the respondents belong to the middle-age group of 31 to 50, the average age being 37 years.
- 6. Consumer Survey- Sample profile State Respondents (%) (N= 115) Andhra Pradesh 28.70 Gujarat 19.13 Maharashtra 27.83 Punjab 24.35 Age Respondents (%) 18 0.87 19-30 35.65 31-50 46.96 > 50 16.52 Average Age 37.46
- 7. • Preliminary questioning showed that familiarity with genetically modified(GM) or genetically engineered (GE) foods/ crops was far from universal – most did not know what it was and had never heard about it. • Only those who, after some description, could understand at least a little about the subject were interviewed. The responses of these people about their familiarity are summarized in the Table below.
- 8. • Only 9.7 percent indicated that they are very familiar, 40.7 percent were somewhat familiar, and 47.8 percent were not very familiar. Thus, the awareness level of the people regarding GM/GE appears to be quite low. • Whereas 88.7 percent had heard of Bt cotton and 47 percent about Bt Brinjal, the majority have not heard of other GM crops.
- 9. Familiarity of respondents with GM/GE (%) N= 115 Very famili ar Somewh at familiar Not very familiar Had never heard the ter msHow familiar are you with the terms “genetically modified"(GM) or “genetically engineered"(GE) foods/ crops? 9. 7 3 40.71 47.79 1. 77 Bt Cotton Bt Brinjal Bt Maize GM Rice Ht Maize Which of these terms have you heard of? 88.70 46.96 37.39 9.57 0.87
- 10. • Analysis of the sources of information in the Table below indicates that for 70 percent of people the source of information is newspapers and for 35 percent it is TV & Radio. • Another important source is Government agencies at 37 percent. Friends & Relatives are indicted by only 15 percent of the respondents, and NGOs by only 3 percent. • Experts, scientists and teachers come at less than 5 percent. Public debates generally on TV are indicted by 13 percent. Thus, newspapers and TV-Radio dominate as the source of the information
- 11. Source of Information on GM/GE Source Response (%) N=115 Newspaper Articles 69.57 TV and Radio 34.78 Magazines 6.09 Internet 4.35 Scientific Journals 0.87 Government Agencies 36.52 NGOs 3.48 Friends and Relatives 14.78 Teachers 0.87 Doctors/Scientists 13.04 Expert Interviews 3.48 Public Debates 2.61 CHAMP
- 12. Awareness level 1.Regarding the awareness level, findings in the Table below indicates that only 11 percent strongly agree that they are well aware and 37 percent only partially agree. 2.About 50 percent are unaware that GM foods are allowed in other countries. Less than 25 percent have tried to look up scientific or research findings about them.
- 13. Response of Awareness Level Question/Statement Response (%) 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Std Dev CV N 1. You are well aware of GM food and its technology 11.30 17.39 36.52 27.83 6.09 3.00 1.08 36.03 114 2. You are aware that GM foods are allowed in countries like US and China 19.13 18.26 11.30 31.30 19.13 3.13 1.43 45.66 114 3. You have tried to read scientific and research findings on GM technology and its impact 7.83 8.7 8.7 30.43 42.61 2.07 1.27 61.12 113 Note: 5 = Strongly Agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = Partially Agree or Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 1 = Strongly Disagree
- 14. The opinions and attitudes of the people about GM foods and crops were examined through a set of questions and the responses on these are analyzed in the Table below. The responses indicate that a large majority of the respondent are aware of the potential benefits of GM technology such as higher yields, less pesticides and better quality and nutrition. The majority also thinks that they would be cheaper. Many think that the resistance is politically motivated and that GM technology should be supported by the government. The opinions and attitudes of the people
- 15. Many though are not clear about their threat to human life or their great usefulness. But over 80 percent think that the resistance to GM is due to poor awareness and information. This indicates that people are broadly aware of the benefits of GM technology but lack clear knowledge and are concerned about the risks. It indicates that much can be changed on this front by strong communication and awareness building especially by the government and the experts.
- 16. Attitude / opinion towards GM crops Question/Statement Response (%) 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Std Dev Coefficient of Variation N 1. GM crops can be high yielding crops 43.2 45.9 9.0 1.8 0.0 4.31 0.71 16.51 111 2. GM crops can reduce the use of harmful pesticides on the crops 27.8 38.0 13.9 16.7 3.7 3.69 1.16 31.28 108 3. GM foods can be of better quality 26.4 32.1 27.4 10.4 3.7 4.08 4.15 101.59 106 4. GM foods may have better nutritional value 17.1 44.8 22.9 11.4 3.8 3.60 1.02 28.46 105 5. GM foods can be cheaper 24.3 31.5 18.9 19.8 5.4 3.50 1.21 34.69 111 6. GM foods can help in solving food problems of the country 42.0 35.7 4.5 14.3 3.6 3.98 1.17 29.38 112 7. GM foods can help farmers by increasing their incomes 51.4 38.7 6.3 1.8 1.8 4.36 0.83 19.01 111 8. GM foods should be supported by the government 36 31.5 11.7 15.3 5.4 3.77 1.24 32.87 111 9. The resistance over GM foods is politically motivated 13.3 44.9 19.4 19.4 3.1 3.46 1.05 30.27 98 10. There can be no threat to human life from the GM technology 14.2 26.4 25.5 18.9 15.1 3.06 1.28 41.83 106 11. GM technology can be extremely useful to the mankind 28.4 29.4 25.7 12.8 3.7 3.66 1.13 30.93 109 12. Resistance to GM foods/crops is due to poor awareness/ information 41.4 38.7 8.1 8.1 3.6 4.06 1.07 26.40 111 Note: 5 = Strongly Agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = Partially Agree or Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 1 = Strongly Disagree
- 17. PERCEPTION ABOUT BT COTTON IN INDIA People are aware about the reduction in pesticide use due to BT cotton. Most people are fine with consuming cottonseed oil made of Bt cotton, and wearing cotton clothes made of Bt cotton. SUBJECT CASE STUDY USE OF BT COTTON-Performance and ConcernsVasant P. Gandhi ,Dinesh Jain, Aashish Argade Centre for Management in Agriculture.Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad The following presents finding on the awareness and perception of people regarding Bt Cotton. The findings show that most of the people are aware about the success of Bt cotton in India, and that it has helped increasing cotton productivities dramatically, and improve the economic status of cotton growing farmers. But some are ignorant. Abstract:
- 18. Perception Regarding Bt Cotton Technology: Question/Statement Response (%) 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Std Dev Coefficient of Variation N 1. Bt Cotton has been one of the most successful GM technologies in India 55.0 38.7 3.6 2.7 0.0 4.46 0.70 15.65 111 2. Bt Cotton has helped India in increasing its cotton productivities drastically 61.3 30.6 6.3 0.9 0.9 4.50 0.74 16.36 111 3. Bt Cotton has helped in improving the economic status of the cotton growing farmers 52.3 36.7 6.4 3.7 0.9 4.36 0.83 19.13 109 4. Pesticide use on cotton crop has decreased significantly as a result of Bt Cotton cultivation 34.3 35.2 17.6 10.2 2.8 3.88 1.08 27.91 108 5. The controversy around Bt cotton does not make much sense 27.1 31.8 17.8 11.2 12.1 3.50 1.33 37.87 107 . Most have never come across issues of skin allergies due to Bt cotton clothes, but some have a preference for organic cotton. Thus, benefits of Bt cotton are known and accepted by most of the people/ consumers.
- 19. 1. You are fine with consuming cottonseed oil made of Bt cotton 17.2 34.3 19.2 21.2 8.1 3.31 1.22 36.75 99 2. You did not come across any issues with the usage of cottonseed oil made of Bt cotton 35.1 32.0 11.3 14.4 7.2 3.73 1.28 34.27 97 3. You are fine with wearing cotton clothes made of Bt cotton 58.9 28.0 2.8 5.6 4.7 4.31 1.09 25.19 107 4. You never came across issues of skin allergies due to Bt cotton clothes 49.0 27.9 4.8 11.5 6.7 4.01 1.27 31.76 104 5. It is not at all important for you to have organic cotton clothes 11.1 28.7 18.5 34.3 7.4 3.02 1.18 38.96 108 Note: 5 = Strongly Agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = Partially Agree or Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 1 = Strongly Disagree
- 20. 1. The table below examines the people's perception regarding potential risks of GM crops(bt cotton) . Even though most people do not strongly agree regarding the risks, a good number of people are concerned about the risks and long-term impacts if any. 2. They are aware that GM foods are a not of natural origin, but most don't think they are harmful to the environment, or harmful to health. 3. There is a fear though that GM technology will make people dependent on MNCs and seed companies. However, they don't consider GM technology against religion
- 21. Assessment Of Potential Risk Of GM Crops/Foods-BT COTTON Question/Statement Response (%) 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Std Dev Coefficient of Variation N 1. There can be risks to lives of people from GM foods/crops 4.5 24.5 21.8 30.0 19.1 2.65 1.18 44.32 110 2. GM foods/crops can cause unknown changes in the human body 11.3 32.1 21.7 27.4 7.5 3.12 1.16 37.16 106 3. GM foods/crops can have long term impacts rather than the short term 19.8 34.9 22.6 15.1 7.5 3.44 1.19 34.50 106 4. GM foods/crops can be harmful to environment 10.7 19.4 17.5 26.2 26.2 2.62 1.34 51.27 103 5. GM foods/crops may be produced in an unnatural way 51.9 23.1 6.5 11.1 7.4 4.01 1.31 32.62 108 6. GM foods/crops may be harmful to health 5.5 26.4 19.1 34.5 14.5 2.74 1.16 42.49 110 7. GM food is a way of making farmers dependent on MNC s for seeds etc. 31.2 36.7 11 13.8 7.3 3.71 1.25 33.71 109 8. GM technology is expensive 22 22.9 16.5 29.4 9.2 3.19 1.32 41.43 109 9. GM technology is against religion 0 0.9 1.8 19.1 78.2 1.25 0.53 42.42 110 Note: 5 = Strongly Agree, 4 = Agree, 3 = Partially Agree or Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 1 = Strongly Disagree
- 22. CONCLUSION• Consumer perceptions seem to play a major role in the acceptance of GM technologies. Findings show that the familiarity with genetically modified (GM) is far from universal and most people do not know what it was/ had never heard about it. • Analysis of the sources of information showed that newspapers and TV-Radio dominate as the source of the information. Over 50 percent indicate that the public does not have enough information about GM foods/crops,. • Nearly 90 percent agree that people are afraid of GM because of the scare created by the media. Over 90 percent agree that negative aspects are amplified by the media and when information moves from person to person, and that media over- estimates the risk of rare events.
- 23. • For most people, public opinion becomes more important than the opinion of the experts. Findings indicate that the role of the media in development of the risk perception is very large. • A large majority of the respondent are aware of the potential benefits of GM technology such as higher yields, less pesticides and better quality and nutrition. • Many think that the resistance is politically motivated and that GM technology should be supported by the government. • Over 80 percent think that the resistance to GM is due to poor awareness and information. Even though people do not strongly agree about the risks, a good number of people are concerned about the risks and long-term impacts if any…..
- 24. REFRENCES 1. Macer, Darryl R.J. (1990) Shaping Genes: Ethics, Law and Science of Using Genetic Technology in Medicine and Agriculture. Christchurch: Eubios Ethics Institute 1990. 2. Macer, D.R.J. (1996) "Biotechnology, International Competition, and its economic, ethical and social implications in developing countries", pp.378-397 in Concepts in Biotechnology, Ed. Balasubramanian, D. et al. India: Universities Press Pvt. Ltd, Orient LongMan Inc. 3. Walgate, R. (1990), Miracle or Menace? Biotechnology and the Third World. London: Panos Institute. 4. see references cited in reference 1 5. BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: POTENTIAL, PERFORMANCE AND CONCERNS- Vasant P. Gandhi Dinesh Jain Aashish Argade: Centre for Management in Agriculture Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad