Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting
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This document provides guidance on skills for essay writing such as summarization, paraphrasing, and using quotes. It explains that a summary should use an author's main ideas in your own words and be much shorter than the original. A paraphrase should be about the same length as the original while changing the vocabulary and sentence structure. Quotes should be used selectively to support ideas or preserve elegant language. Citation of sources is required for summaries, paraphrases, and quotes, unless stating common knowledge.
Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting
- 1. Skills for Essay Writing owl.english.purdue.edu/
- 2. Puttingthe main idea(s) into your own words Uses only main point(s) Much shorter than the original
- 3. A 10-page article can be summarized in 1-2 paragraphs A 1-page article 1-2 sentences Movie or book 1-2 paragraphs
- 5. Putting a passage into your own words About the same length as the original If rewording is too similar to the original, it’s plagiarism
- 6. Paraphrasing is great in essays because it proves you really know your material. From Lindsay Radcliffe, UTSA Tutor and NCB Instructor
- 7. Example: Original: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay and they can consume 75 pounds of food a day. Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and hay everyday. From http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples/examples-of-paraphrasing.html
- 8. Select a single paragraph from your full- length article. Then, translate it into your own words. Change both the vocabulary and the sentence structure to free yourself from the author’s voice. From Lindsay Radcliffe, UTSA Tutor and NCB Instructor
- 9. Using someone’s direct words Use quotes to: support your ideas preserve special or elegant language From Lindsay Radcliffe, UTSA Tutor and NCB Instructor
- 10. Don’t string quotes together or put them back to back. Example (don’t do this…) John Smith said, “children can be very stubborn if you don’t give them what they want,” but then said that “adults can be equally stubborn and act like children.” Rosy Campo disagreed. “Both children and adults have a tendency to be obstinate regardless of the situation.” Better… John Smith and Rosy Campo are on differing sides of the argument that children and adults can be stubborn whether you appease them or not.
- 11. Save quotes for when you think it is crucial to present someone’s exact words. Learn how to add your own connections and comments. Be engaged in the research.
- 12. Always cite your source when summarizing, paraphrasing, or quoting: “According to Dr. Smith, children show stubbornness when…” “Smith found in his study that children show stubbornness when…”
- 13. No need to cite common knowledge. Knowledge that is widely known Examples: Abraham Lincoln was the 16th president. The U.S. declared independence in 1776. You cannot vote until you are 18.
- 14. Learningin the Academy: AN Introduction to the Culture of Scholarship, Creighton University, College of Arts & Sciences http://puffin.creighton.edu/ccas/forms/Learnin ginAcademy.pdf Avoiding Plagiarism: Mastering the Art of Scholarship, a UTSA Publication of Student Judicial Affairs. SFU Library- Subject Research website http://www.lib.sfu.ca/researchhelp/subjectguid es/engl/classes/EssayArch.htm