A survey paper on Pollution Free Smart Cities using Smart Monitoring System by Employing WSN on Vehicles

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 960
A Survey Paper on Pollution Free Smart Cities using Smart Monitoring
System by Employing WSN on Vehicles
Rohin Thomas1
Pavan Renuse2
Niraj Waval3
Abhishek Wakodkar4
Ms. Anjali Bhosle5
1,2,3,4,5
KJCOEMR Pune
Abstract— The world we live in had evolved into a world
where almost every family has at least one vehicle in their
possession to be safe we could assume that each family has
on average two vehicles. Now due to the increase in the
number of vehicles in the road there is that much of an
increase in the pollutant levels being increased onto the
environment. The major sources of air pollution are CO,
NOx and HC and these are a major degradation factor to the
environment. To tackle this problem this paper talks about a
monitoring system which is placed on the automobile to
measure the pollutant levels emerging from the vehicle. On
top of that some safety features have been added as well for
the driver and all of the people traveling in the vehicle in the
form of an alcohol sensor and a seat belt sensor. How this
works is that the sensors are placed on the vehicle and can
be connected through the users android device. The android
device through a WiFi connection is connected to the server,
the server is connected to a database and that database has
the administrator PC to view and monitor the data. The
safety feature is the addition of the alcohol sensor which is
connected to the ignition of the vehicle and how it works is
that if the driver has any alcohol and it is detected by the
sensor then automobile will not start, hence adding an
additional safety measure to the vehicle on top of pollution
monitoring. This project works on an IoT environment and
there is a lot of scope with smart devices in the future.
Key words: Sensors, WSN, Smart Cities, Live Feedback,
Pollution Control. Survey
I. INTRODUCTION
The 21st century saw a large boom in the automobile
industry. In India, specifically, the vehicle population is
growing at
A. Manuscript
– Rohin Thomas, Computer Department, Savitribai
Phule Pune University, (e-mail:
rohin.thomas92@gmail.com). Pune, India,
7387536201
– Pavan Renuse, Computer Department, Savitribai Phule
Pune University, (e-mail: pavanrenuse5@gmail.com).
Pune, India,7620074328
– Niraj Waval, Computer Department, Savitribai Phule
Pune University, (e-mail: waval.niraj@gmail.com).
Pune, India,9867054000
– Abhishek Wakodkar, Computer Department, Savitribai
Phule Pune University, (e-mail:
abhishekwakodkar888@gmail.com). Pune,
India,9158977924
a rate of over 5% per annum. Today, there are more
vehicles than people moving on roads. Though this increase
in vehicle population has shortened the distance between
people to a great extent but it has also polluted the air that
we are breathing to a devastating condition which has given
rise to a number of health issues for the people.The
increased amount of vehicles on the road mean that there is
a larger amount of harmful pollutants being emitted into the
environment that we breathe. The need of the hour is to
device a method to effectively and efficiently keep a check
on vehicular pollution- the biggest cause of all environment
related problems. Working on this aspect, a vehicle
pollution control system is being developed which will
ensure the participation of every individual in the move
against pollution and in turn preserving the community
health and Mother Nature.The survey paper will compare
the different technologies used in previous methods and
compare that with the model proposed in the paper.On top
of the aspect of calculating the pollutant levels from the
vehicles there is also a safety measure that has been
implemented in this system and that is the use of additional
hardware and sensors to detect alcohol in the breath and the
seat belt sensor which will ensure driver safety.
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
An existing system is the use of Vehnode which is a WSN
platform for automobile control.The use of WSN enable
environmental monitoring in real time. The working of this
Vehnode is that it is first mounted to the vehicle and able to
receive the level of pollutants present by the amount of
smoke released by the vehicle. The hardware is based on the
micro-controller board 89c51 , GPRS model , gas sensors
and GPS module to collect data in real time. The software
architecture consists of the micro-controllers at the bottom
layer to retrieve sensor observations of the gas sensors and
also the location and time along with GPS information for
processing. Processed data is sent to GPRS module which
transmits data mostly through the use of SMS to the server
application. The server application consists of Data
acquisition acts as a gateway for data at sensor node to
server application, specialized alert system which sends
alerts to desired user and a database. Observations are
accessed using SOAP interface and it is responsible for
providing data gathered by VehNode to various web
applications.
Another system is the use of mobile GPRS sensors
for air pollution monitoring. It consists of a Mobile DAQ
unit (data acquisition) and a fixed Internet enabled pollution
monitoring server. The mobile DAQ gathers air pollutant
levels and packs them in a frame with the GPS location ,
date and time. This frame is then uploaded to a GPRS
modem and transmitted to the pollution server via public
mobile networks. A database is there to store data from
various clients like environment protection agencies, vehicle
registration authorities and tourist and insurance companies.
This system is interfaced to Google maps to display real
time levels and locations. This system is tested in UAE and
was successful. Also this system can report real time
pollutant levels and locations of a continuous 24 hour basis.
Another method used in this field was the use of
micro-sensor nodes for air pollution monitoring. Previous

A Survey Paper on Pollution Free Smart Cities using Smart Monitoring System by Employing WSN on Vehicles
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/216)
research in this field has attempted to create a networked air
quality monitoring system and examples of such systems are
SensorScop and CitySense which are large scale wireless
environment monitoring systems. These models rely on
stationary node deployment and an always available power
supply. The heating semiconductor sensor will evaluate the
target gas concentration by measuring the electrical
conductivity of the sensing layer which is composed of a
metal oxide material. When the gases touch the sensors
surface they are absorbed and the conductivity changes. This
is how the gases are measured. The implementation of
mounting several gas sensors onto a single sensor board has
advantages in terms of cost and installation time.
Another paper that was compared was that of the
detection of air pollutants using Zigbee. This system
integrates wireless wireless sensor board and CO2 sensors.
Zigbee with WiFi and Bluetooth give wireless solution
based on Zigbee technology.Zigbee uses the UART
communication protocol which stands for Universal
Asynchronous ReceiverTransmitter which supports serial
communication which is required for wireless
communication. The pollution sensors are connected to
Zigbee via RS-232 communication standard and the
information sent from the Zigbee end devices are collected
to the Zigbee coordinator module and that data is saved on
to the central server.
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
By employing WSN on vehicles a system can be created
where the efficiency and accuracy of the pollution levels
will be having a live feed of the level from the vehicle
emissions to monitor the levels of pollutants along with a
feature that will be able to receive notifications via a cell
phone device when the levels cross the threshold value.
Fig. 1: Proposed Model
The working of this device in real time will work
as follows. The hardware consisting of the sensors that we
will be using is configured and connected to the vehicle. The
mobile device is usually always with the user so when the
user is in the vehicle the cellular device is connected to the
hardware through the Bluetooth medium. The cellphone is
also connected to the internet for GPS tracking. The phone
is connected through WiFi to the base station.The base
station is connected to the database. Behind the database is
the administrator PC where the admin will be controlling
and monitoring the data on the system. So in this was the
user has access to all of the information that can be received
by this system. The use of SOAP protocol is used for
communication between various platforms that use objects
and has been selected as it is platform independent and users
using any platform be it android , be it windows or be it
apple will be able to easily communicate with the system.
The sensors involved in this system comprise of three types
of sensors , the gas sensors to detect and record the pollutant
levels of the automobile, a temperature sensor as these gases
combust at high temperatures and also a seat belt sensor and
an alcohol sensor for added safety.
IV. HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE
To construct a low-cost, portable, monitoring device by
combining sensor units, android interface, wifi base station
access and a MySQL database using SOAP,. The sensor unit
will measure the air quality, the central processing unit for
data acquisition and processing, the GPS unit to track the
position.
The hardware interfaces we will be using are :
Ethernet will be required to access the base station from the
cellular device. 89C51 microprocessor : This is a small
microprocessor having 40 pins , 5 interrupt pins and 1
serialization pin as this has the optimal requirements.Wifi-
Same use as above and a requirement for communications
between the android mobile and the server. Bluetooth : All
of the hardware sensors will be connected to the interface
and to access this interface the cellular device will have to
use Bluetooth to interface to this device. Base Station : The
base station will be a live feed and have all of the values of
the pollutants in real time which can be accessed though
wifi and to the cellular device.. Gas Sensor : This will
collect the values of the levels of the pollutants of the gases
being emitted by the vehicle. Alcohol Sensor(MQ-7): The
addition of the alcohol sensor is an added safety precaution
which is connected to the ignition. if alcohol is detected on
the breath of the driver the car will not start. Seat belt
Sensor(MQ-3) : A simple sensor displaying to the user
whether the seat belt is put on or not while the engine of the
car is active. Temperature Sensor: This is required for the
pollutant level reading.
V. SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
The software interface that will be used is : Simple Object
Access Protocol, is what we will be using as a
communication interface between the various components.
A Java servlet is a Java program that extends the capabilities
of a server, they most commonly implement applications
hosted on Web servers. Object serialization- In computer
science, in the context of data storage, serialization is the
process of translating data structures or object state into a
format that can be stored and reconstructed later in the same

A Survey Paper on Pollution Free Smart Cities using Smart Monitoring System by Employing WSN on Vehicles
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/216)
or another computer environment. When the resulting series
of bits is reread according to the serialization format, it can
be used to create a semantically identical clone of the
original object. Glassfish Server : This is a web server which
will be interfaced to port 8080. The use of android to the
system is useful as it is open source and easily available and
easy to use.
VI. CONCLUSION
The work being done on the sensors platform for
automobiles focuses on easy accessibility of real time data.
The using of the SOAP interface enables integration to
many platforms like Windows, Android and Apple systems
and various other web applications. The use of this system
will provide successful results in theory. The main use of
this system is to run it on an android base as android is
easily available and is an open source software. The more
vehicles that have adapted to this system , the better it is for
the development of smart cities.
REFERENCES
[1] Vehnode:Wireless Sensor Network platform for
automobile pollution control (Aijaz Reshi,Shabana
Shafi,Dr.A.Kumaravel.
[2] A Mobile GPRS Sensors Array for Air Pollution
Monitoring A.R.Al-Ali,Imran Zaulkernan,Fad Aloul.
[3] Air Pollution Monitoring in Solapur City using WSN
T.H.Mujawar , V.D.Bachuwar,S.S.Suryavanshi
[4] Micro Sensor Node for Air Pollutant Monitoring:
Hardware and Software Issues Sukwon
Choi,Nakyoung Kim, Hojung Cha Rhan Ha.
[5] Pollution monitoring using Sensors ans Wireless
Sensor Networks: A survey. R.A.Roseline,
Dr.M.Devapriya,Dr.P.Sumathi.
[6] Design of Energy Aware Air Pollution Monitoring
System using WSN, Sonal.A.Mishra, Dhanashree
S.Tijare and Dr.G.M.Asutkar.
[7] Detection of Air Pollutant using Zigbee , Darshana
N.Tambe and Miss Nikita Chavan.

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A survey paper on Pollution Free Smart Cities using Smart Monitoring System by Employing WSN on Vehicles