B science integration
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This document provides lighting and acoustic proposals for an arts and crafts market project with three areas: a classroom, management office, and ground floor retail. Daylight factor calculations show the classroom and management office will have bright lighting conditions between 3-5% without needing much artificial light. Proposals for artificial lighting include lamp quantity calculations to meet illumination standards in each area. Acoustic analyses cover external noise levels and internal reverberation and sound transmission to reduce noise between areas.
![PROJECT
2:
INTERGRATION
WITH
DESIGN
STUDIO
5
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
Bachelor of Science (Hnours)(Architecture)
BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413]
PROJECT 2:
INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5: ARTS AND CRAFTS MARKET
Name : Chin Pui Man
Student ID : 0310331
Intake : April 2015
Tutor : Mr Sanjeh
Date of Submission : 3th
July 2015](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/bscienceintegration-150708185017-lva1-app6892/85/B-science-integration-1-320.jpg)
B science integration
- 1. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN Bachelor of Science (Hnours)(Architecture) BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413] PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5: ARTS AND CRAFTS MARKET Name : Chin Pui Man Student ID : 0310331 Intake : April 2015 Tutor : Mr Sanjeh Date of Submission : 3th July 2015
- 2. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Table of Content 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 2.1 Daylight Factor (DF) 2.1.1 Classroom 2.1.2 Management Office 2.1.3 Ground Floor Retail 2.2 Artificial Lighting 2.2.1 Classroom 2.2.2 Management Office 2.2.3 Ground Floor Retail (PSALI ) 3.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL 3.1 External Noise Sound Pressure Level 3.2 Internal Noise (Reverberation Time) 3.2.1 Classroom 3.2.2 Management Office 3.2.3 Ground Floor Retail 3.3 Internal Noise (Sound Transmission Loss) 3.3.1 Classroom 3.3.2 Management Office 3.3.3 Ground Floor Retail 4.0 REFERENCES AND APPENDIX
- 3. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project is a four storey complex, which acts as an arts and crafts market located at Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Chow Kit. It is a place for community to gather for the sale of goods by local artist. The main building materials are concrete, aluminium and glass. It is designed to allow daylight into the building from the centre as well as large glass panels at the entrance. Besides that, there are a central void is to allow visual connection between two sides and all floors and also soften the internal noise.
- 4. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 2.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL 2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis 𝐷𝐹 = 𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 ×100% Where, DF = Daylight Factor (%) E internal = Horizontal illuminance of reference point indoor (Lux) E external = Horizontal illuminance of unobstructed point outdoor in an overcast sky condition (Lux) The daylight factor is DF, % Distribution >6 Very bright with thermal glare and glare problem 3-6 Bright 1-3 Average 0-1 Dark
- 5. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 2.1.1 Classroom Classroom is located at the back of the building at second floor, which is close to back alley. Floor Area 9.88m x 9.88m = 97.6m2 Window (Glazed Area) (5.25m x 2.4m) + (7.85m x 2.4) = 31.44m2 Openings (Unglazed Area) 1.8m x 2.4m = 4.32m2 Daylight Factor (DF) 35.8 97.6 ×100% =36.6% x 0.1 =3.66%
- 6. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 According to the Department of Standard Malaysia, an average daylight factor of 3.66% is considered as bright with good distribution of light. It may not require as much artificial lighting. Natural Illumination Calculation: Given Eo =7800 lux 𝐷𝐹 = 𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 ×100% 0.366 = 𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 7800 ×100% 𝐸! = 0.0366 𝑥 7800 = 285.5 𝑙𝑢𝑥
- 7. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 2.1.2 Management Office Management office is located at the back of the building at third floor, which is close to back alley. Floor Area 7.55m x 5m = 37.75m2 Window (Glazed Area) 5.75m x 2.4m = 13.8m2 Openings (Unglazed Area) 1.8m x 2.4m = 4.32m Daylight Factor (DF) 18.12 37.75 ×100% =48% x 0.1 =4.8% According to the Department of Standard Malaysia, an average daylight factor of 4.8% is considered as bright with good distribution of light. It may not require as much artificial lighting.
- 8. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Natural Illumination Calculation: Given Eo =7800 lux 𝐷𝐹 = 𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 ×100% 0.48 = 𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 7800 ×100% 𝐸! = 0.048 𝑥 7800 = 374.4 𝑙𝑢𝑥
- 9. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 2.1.3 Ground Floor Retail Ground Floor retail type 1 is located at the entrance of the building facing Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman. The area has one side that is exposed to indirect source of day lighting. The daylighting introduced into the retail is meant to perform energy saving during daytime. Floor Area 9 m x 10m = 90m2 Window (Glazed Area) 10m x 3.7m = 37m2 Openings (Unglazed Area) 3.6m x 2.7m = 9.7m2 Daylight Factor (DF) 46.7 90 ×100% =52% x 0.1 =5.2% According to the Department of Standard Malaysia, an average daylight factor of 5.2% is considered as bright with good distribution of light. It may not require as much artificial lighting.
- 10. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Natural Illumination Calculation: Given Eo =7200 lux 𝐷𝐹 = 𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 ×100% 0.52 = 𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 7200 ×100% 𝐸! = 0.052 𝑥 7200 = 374.4 𝑙𝑢𝑥
- 11. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 2.2 Artificial Lighting The number of lamp is given by the formula: 𝑁 = 𝐸 × 𝐴 𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 Where, N - number of lamps required E - illuminance level required A - area of working plan height (m2 ) F - average of luminus flux from each lamp (lux) UF - utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces. MF - maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of deterioration and dirt Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half the wall area between working and luminaire planes 𝑅𝐼 = 𝐿×𝑊 𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊) Where, L - length of room W - width of room Hm - mounting height, ie. The vertical distance between the working plane and the luminaire
- 12. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 2.2.1 Classroom (PSALI) According to MS 1525, the standard illumination for a workshop is 300 lux. Material Function Colour Area (m2 ) Surface Type Reflectance Value (%) Concrete finish Ceiling Grey 97.6 Reflective 15-50 Concrete cement finish Wall and floor Grey 124.28 Absoptive 10 Glass Wall and door Transparent 35.8 Reflective 6-20 Timber Table & chair Brown 20.2 Absorptive 30
- 13. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Product brand Philips T8 TL-D Standard Colours Lamp Luminous Flux EM 1200Lm per lamp/ 3 lamps per luminaire Rated Colour Temperature 4100K Colour Rendering Index 63Ra8 Beam Angle - Voltage 59V Bulb Finish Frosted Placement Ceiling Dimension of Room (LxW) 9.88 x 9.88 Total floor area/ A (m2 ) 97.6 Standard illuminance required (lux) 300 Mounting Height / H (Hm) 2.0 Assumption of reflectance value Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.3 Room index /RI (K) 𝑅𝐼 = 𝐿×𝑊 𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊) (9.88 x 9.88) / (9.88 + 9.88) x 2.0 =2.47 Utilization factor / UF (Based on given utilization factor table) 0.68 Maintenance factor /MF 0.8 𝑁 = 𝐸 × 𝐴 𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 𝑁 = 300 × 97.6 (1200 × 3) ×0.68 × 0.8 𝑁 = 14.9 ≈ 15
- 14. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 2, therefore maximum spacing = 2.0m Width/ maximum spacing = 9.88/2.0 ~ 5 rows of lamps 15/5 = 3.lamps each rows. Theredore, a total of 15 luminaires are needed.
- 15. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 2.2.2 Management Office According to MS 1525, the standard illumination for a office is 300 lux Material Function Colour Area (m2 ) Surface Type Reflectance Value (%) Concrete finish Ceiling Grey 37.75 Reflective 15-50 Concrete cement finish Wall and floor Grey 61.75 Absoptive 10 Glass Wall and door Transparent 18.12 Reflective 6-20 Timber Table & chair Brown 13.2 Absorptive 30 Fabric Chair Beige 13.2 Absorptive 30 Product brand Philips T8 TL-D Standard Colours Lamp Luminous Flux EM 1200Lm per lamp/ 3 lamps per luminaire Rated Colour Temperature 4100K
- 16. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Colour Rendering Index 63Ra8 Beam Angle - Voltage 59V Bulb Finish Frosted Placement Ceiling Dimension of Room (LxW) 7.55 x 5 Total floor area/ A (m2 ) 37.75 Standard illuminance required (lux) 300 Mounting Height / H (Hm) 1.7 Assumption of reflectance value Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.3 Room index /RI (K) 𝑅𝐼 = 𝐿×𝑊 𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊) (7.55x 5) / (7.55 + 5) x 1.7 =1.77 Utilization factor / UF (Based on given utilization factor table) 0.60 Maintenance factor /MF 0.8 𝑁 = 𝐸 × 𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 𝑁 = 300 × 37.75 (1200 × 3) ×0.60 × 0.8 𝑁 = 6.5 ≈ 7
- 17. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 1.7, therefore maximum spacing = 1.7m Width/ maximum spacing = 5/1.7 ~ 3 rows of lamps 7/3 = 2.3 ~ 2 lamps each rows. Theredore, a total of 6 luminaires are needed.
- 18. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 2.2.2 Ground Floor Retail (PSALI) According to Ms 1525, the standard illumination is 200-750 lux. The minimum value of 200 lux will be applied in this calculation. Material Function Colour Area (m2 ) Surface Type Reflectance Value (%) Concrete finish Ceiling Grey 90 Reflective 15-50 Concrete cement finish Wall and floor Grey 157 Absoptive 30 Glass Wall and door Transparent 46.7 Reflective 6-20 Timber Table & chair Brown 8.8 Absorptive 30 Product brand Philips Master LED Spotlight PAR Lamp Luminous Flux EM 900Lm per lamp/ 5 lamps per luminaire Rated Colour Temperature 2700K
- 19. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Colour Rendering Index 80 Beam Angle 25D Voltage 220-240V Bulb Finish - Placement Ceiling Spot Light Dimension of Room (LxW) 10 x 9 Total floor area/ A (m2 ) 90 Standard illuminance required (lux) 200 Mounting Height / H (Hm) 3.0 Assumption of reflectance value Ceiling: 0.7 Wall: 0.5 Floor: 0.3 Room index /RI (K) 𝑅𝐼 = 𝐿×𝑊 𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 + 𝑊) (10 x 9) / (10 + 9) x 3.0 =1.58
- 20. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Utilization factor / UF (Based on given utilization factor table) 0.57 Maintenance factor /MF 0.8 𝑁 = 𝐸 × 𝐴 𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 𝑁 = 300 × 90 (1200 × 5) ×0.57 × 0.8 𝑁 = 9.8 ≈ 10
- 21. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 3.0, therefore maximum spacing = 3.0m Width/ maximum spacing = 10/3 ~ 3 rows of lamps 10/3 = 3.3 ~ 3 lamps each rows. Theredore, a total of 9 luminaires are needed.
- 22. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 3.0 ACOUSTIC 3.1 External Noise Calculation Traffic Noise (Main Road) Non-Peak Hour Peak Hour Highest sound level reading 80dB 90dB Lowest sound level reading 70dB 75dB Intensity for highest reading, IH 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 𝐼!"# 80 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼! 𝐼!"# 80 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 1×10!!" IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !" !" ×1×10!!" IH = 1 x 10-4 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 𝐼!"# 90 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼! 𝐼!"# 90 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 1×10!!" IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑜𝑔 !" !" ×1×10!!" IH = 1 x 10-3 Intensity for lowest reading, IL 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 𝐼!"# 70 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼! 𝐼!"# 70 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 1×10!!" IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !" !" ×1×10!!" IH = 1 x 10-5 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 𝐼!"# 75 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼! 𝐼!"# 75 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 1×10!!" IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !" !" ×1×10!!" IH = 3.162 x 10-5 Total Intensities, I I = (1 x 10-4 ) + (1 x 10-5 ) I = 1.1 x 10-4 I = (1 x 10-4 ) + (3.163 x 10-5 ) I = 1.316 x 10-4 Sound Pressure Level, SPL 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10× 1.1 x 10!! 1×10!!" SPL = 80.4dB 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10× 1.316 x 10!! 1×10!!" SPL = 81.2dB
- 23. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Traffic Noise (Back Alley) Non-Peak Hour Peak Hour Highest sound level reading 55dB 60dB Lowest sound level reading 50dB 55dB Intensity for highest reading, IH 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 𝐼!"# 55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼! 𝐼!"# 55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 1×10!!" IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !! !" ×1×10!!" IH = 3.162 x 10-7 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 𝐼!"# 60 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼! 𝐼!"# 60 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 1×10!!" IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !" !" ×1×10!!" IH = 1 x 10-6 Intensity for lowest reading, IL 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 𝐼!"# 50 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼! 𝐼!"# 50 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 1×10!!" IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !" !" ×1×10!!" IH = 1 x 10-7 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 𝐼!"# 55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 𝐼! 𝐼!"# 55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 1 1×10!!" IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !! !" ×1×10!!" IH = 3.162 x 10-7 Total Intensities, I I = (3.162 x 10-7 ) + (1 x 10-7 ) I = 4.162 x 10-7 I = (1 x 10-6 ) + (3.162 x 10-7 ) I = 1.316 x 10-6 Sound Pressure Level, SPL 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10 × 4.162 x 10!! 1×10!!" SPL =56.2dB 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10× 1.316 x 10!! 1×10!!" SPL = 61.2dB
- 24. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 The peak combine SPL from external noise sources of main road of 81.2dB is approximately the total SPL of the arts and crafts market, as there aren’t any walls that separate this space and the outside sources. According to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, a marketplace is required to have an acoustic tolerance level between 56dB to 80dB. The combined SPL of external noises of the market is within the recommended acoutic noise level range, which is 81.2dB at its peak and 80.4dB at non-peak hours. The peak combine SPL from external noise sources of back alley of 61.2dB is approximately the total SPL of the arts and crafts market, as there aren’t any walls that separate this space and the outside sources. According to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, a marketplace is required to have an acoustic tolerance level between 56dB to 80dB. The combined SPL of external noises of the market is within the recommended acoutic noise level range, which is 61.2dB at its peak and 56.2dB at non-peak hours.
- 25. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 3.2 Internal Noise (Reverberation Time) Reverberation times are calculated based on material absorption coefficient at 2000Hz at peak hour. 3.2.1 Classroom Room height: 2.7m Standard Reverberation TIme for Classroom: 0.6s Peak Hour Capacity: 48 people Volume of Office: 264m2
- 26. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Components Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption coefficient (2000Hz) Area x absorption coefficient Ceiling Plaster finish 98 0.04 3.92 Steel 51.69 0.01 0.517 Wall Reinforced concrete 67.53 0.02 1.35 Openings Glass 4.86 0.07 0.34 Floor Concrete 98 0.02 1.96 Furniture Timber 60 0.1 6 People Non- Peak - 96 0.5 48 Total Absorption (A) 62.087 RT = (0.16 x V) / A Where, V: Volume of space A: Total absorption: S1A1 + S2A2 + S3A3 + ……. + SnAn Reverberation Time (Peak Hour) RT = 0.16 x V / A = 0.16 x 264 / 62.087 = 0.68s The reverberation time for classroom during peak hour is 0.68s. This is within the optimum reverberation time of 0.6s to 0.7s for a classroom according to the Acoustic Standard ANSI (2008).
- 27. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 3.2.2 Management Office Room height: 2.7m Standard Reverberation Time for Office: 1s Peak Hour Capacity: 17 people Volume of Office: 37.75m2 Components Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption coefficient (2000Hz) Area x absorption coefficient Ceiling Plaster finish 37.75 0.04 1.51 Steel 19.9 0.01 0.199 Wall Reinforced concrete 47.385 0.02 0.948 Glass panel 15.525 0.07 10.868 Openings Glass 4.86 0.07 0.34 Floor Concrete 37.75 0.02 0.755 Furniture Timber 13.2 0.1 1.32
- 28. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Fabric 13.2 0.7 9.24 People Non- Peak - 17 0.5 8.5 Total Absorption (A) 33.68 RT = (0.16 x V) / A Where, V: Volume of space A: Total absorption: S1A1 + S2A2 + S3A3 + ……. + SnAn Reverberation Time (Peak Hour) RT = 0.16 x V / A = 0.16 x 37.75 / 33.68 = 0.18s The reverberation time for office during peak hour is 0.18s while the ideal reverberation time for office is 0.4s to 1s. The office sound control is sufficient for a quiet and calm working eperience for the occupants.
- 29. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 3.2.3 Ground Floor Retail Room height: 3.7m Peak Hour Capacity: 10 people Volume of Office: 37.75m2 Components Materials Area (m2 ) Absorption coefficient (2000Hz) Area x absorption coefficient Ceiling Plaster finish 90 0.04 3.6 Wall Plaster 67 0.02 1.34 Glass panel 41.84 0.07 2.929 Openings Glass 4.86 0.07 0.34 Floor Concrete 90 0.02 1.8 Furniture Timber 8.8 0.1 0.88 People Non- Peak - 10 0.5 5 Total Absorption (A) 15.889
- 30. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 RT = (0.16 x V) / A Where, V: Volume of space A: Total absorption: S1A1 + S2A2 + S3A3 + ……. + SnAn Reverberation Time (Peak Hour) RT = 0.16 x V / A = 0.16 x 90 / 15.889 = 0.91s The reverberation time for retail shop during peak hour is 0.91s. Since the shops are all individual small shop where it could not accommodate too much people, the assumption of having 5 customers in a shop would not produce too much noise whereby it would affect spaces outside of the shop. This will allow a pleasant walking ans shopping experiene for the customer around the market.
- 31. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 3.3 Internal Noise (Sound Transmission Loss) 𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!" 1 𝑇!" where, 𝑇!! = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠 𝑇!" = 𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!") 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 3.3.1 Classroom Sound pressure level of a classroom should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards. Surface material Surface area, S (m2 ) Transmission coefficient, Tc S x Tc Concrete wall 26.68 2.51 x 10-5 6.70 x 10-4 Glass door 5.076 2.51 x 10-3 0.0127 Total surface area 31.756 Total S x Tc 0.0134 Wall type (a): Concrete wall TL of concrete wall = 46 𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡 ) 46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔!! 4.6 = 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!! Wall type (b): Glass door TL of glass door = 26
- 32. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡 ) 26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔!! 2.6 = 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!! Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials 𝑇!" = 𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!") 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ( 0.0134 31.756 ) = 4.22 × 10!! Overall SRI = 𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!" 1 𝑇!" = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!" 1 4.22×10!! = 33.75𝑑𝐵 33.75dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the classroom to spaces outside of classroom. This implies that the wall with the specific selection of materials as an acoustic buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space from adjacent noise sources.
- 33. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 3.3.2 Management Office Sound pressure level of a office should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards. Surface material Surface area, S (m2 ) Transmission coefficient, Tc S x Tc Concrete wall 47.385 2.51 x 10-5 1.189 x 10-3 Glass door 4.86 2.51 x 10-3 0.0122 Total surface area 52.245 Total S x Tc 0.0134 Wall type (a): Concrete wall TL of concrete wall = 46 𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡 ) 46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔!! 4.6 = 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6 𝑡!"#! !"! = 2.51×10!! Wall type (b): Glass door TL of glass door = 26 𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡 ) 26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔!! 2.6 = 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!
- 34. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials 𝑇!" = 𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!") 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ( 0.0134 52.245 ) = 2.562 × 10!! Overall SRI = 𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!" 1 𝑇!" = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!" 1 2.562×10!! = 35.91𝑑𝐵 35.91dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the management office to market area and vise versa. This implies that the wall with the specific selection of materials as an acoustic buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space from adjacent noise sources.
- 35. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 3.3.3 Ground Floor Retail Sound pressure level of a shop should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards. Surface material Surface area, S (m2 ) Transmission coefficient, Tc S x Tc Concrete wall 67 2.51 x 10-5 1.682 x 10-3 Glass door 4.86 2.51 x 10-3 0.0122 Total surface area 71.86 Total S x Tc 0.0139 Wall type (a): Concrete wall TL of concrete wall = 46s 𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡 ) 46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔!! 4.6 = 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!! Wall type (b): Glass door TL of glass door = 26 𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡 ) 26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"( 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔!! 2.6 = 1 𝑡!"#!$%&% 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6 𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!
- 36. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials 𝑇!! = 𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!") 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ( 0.0139 71.86 ) = 1.93 × 10!! Overall SRI = 𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!" 1 𝑇!" = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!" 1 1.93×10!! = 37.14𝑑𝐵 37.14dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the shop to market area. This implies that the wall with the specific selection of materials as an acoustic buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space from adjacent noise sources.
- 37. PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5 4.0 References 1. Architects' Data. (2012). Chicester: John Wiley and Sons 2. ASHRAE, (1995). ASHREA handbook 1984 systems. Atlanta, GA: American Society Heating, Refrigerating &. 3.CIBSE. (2002). Code for Lighting. Burlington: Elsevier. 4. Sound Absorption Coefficients of architectural accoustical materials. (1957). New York